close

Etymology 1
From, partly continuing (in altered form) earlier (from ; compare , , etc.), and partly derived from , from , from , from , from , related to 🇨🇬, , ,. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Partially replaced 🇨🇬, (whence English lock). Doublet of.

Verb

 * 1)  To remove a gap.
 * 2)  To move a thing, or part of a thing, nearer to another so that the gap or opening between the two is removed.
 * 3) To obstruct or block.
 * 4)  To move to a position preventing fluid from flowing.
 * 5)  To move to a position allowing electricity to flow.
 * 6) To grapple; to engage in close combat.
 * 7) * 1856-1858,, History of the Reign of Phillip II
 * They boldly closed in a hand-to-hand contest.
 * 1) To finish, to terminate.
 * 2)  To put an end to; to conclude.
 * 3)  To come to an end.
 * 4)  To cease trading for the day.
 * 5)  To conclude (a sale).
 * 6)  To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.
 * 7)  To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
 * 8)  To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
 * 9)  To come or gather around; to enclose.
 * 10)  To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
 * 11)  To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
 * 12)  To turn off; to switch off.
 * 1)  To put an end to; to conclude.
 * 2)  To come to an end.
 * 3)  To cease trading for the day.
 * 4)  To conclude (a sale).
 * 5)  To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.
 * 6)  To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
 * 7)  To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
 * 8)  To come or gather around; to enclose.
 * 9)  To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
 * 10)  To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
 * 11)  To turn off; to switch off.
 * 1)  To conclude (a sale).
 * 2)  To make the final outs, usually three, of a game.
 * 3)  To terminate an application, window, file or database connection, etc.
 * 4)  To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
 * 5)  To come or gather around; to enclose.
 * 6)  To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
 * 7)  To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
 * 8)  To turn off; to switch off.
 * 1)  To cancel or reverse (a trading position).
 * 2)  To come or gather around; to enclose.
 * 3)  To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
 * 4)  To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
 * 5)  To turn off; to switch off.
 * 1)  To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
 * 2)  To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
 * 3)  To turn off; to switch off.
 * 1)  To have a vector sum of 0; that is, to form a closed polygon.
 * 2)  To do the tasks (putting things away, locking doors, etc.) required to prepare a store or other establishment to shut down for the night.
 * 3)  To turn off; to switch off.
 * 1)  To turn off; to switch off.

Usage notes
Due to the near-opposite meanings relating to fluid flow and electrical components, these usages are deprecated in safety-critical instructions, with the words to "on" or to "off" preferred, so instead of Close valve A; close switch B use Turn valve A to OFF; turn switch B to ON.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:, toemaak
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: أَغْلَقَ
 * Egyptian Arabic: قفل
 * Hijazi Arabic: سَكَّر, قَفَّل
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: ncljid
 * Assamese: বন্ধ কৰা
 * Azerbaijani: qapamaq, ,
 * Basque: itxi
 * Belarusian: зачыня́ць, зачыні́ць
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cebuano: sira
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 閂
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Crimean Tatar: qapatmaq, (northern dialect: capmaq)
 * Czech: ,
 * Dalmatian: seruar, inseruor
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian: sulgema
 * Ewe: xe
 * Extremaduran: afechal
 * Faroese: lata aftur, loka, steingja
 * Finnish:, , , panna umpeen, laittaa umpeen
 * French:, ,
 * Friulian: sierâ
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: დახურვა, დაკეტვა
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κλείω
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: बंद करना
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: dún, druid, iaigh
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Javanese:
 * Kazakh: жабу
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kyrgyz: жапуу
 * Lao: ອັດ, ປິດ
 * Latgalian: dataiseit
 * Latin: claudō
 * Latvian: aiztaisīt, aizdarīt
 * Lingala: fúnga
 * Lithuanian: uždaryti
 * Low German: sluten, slüten
 * Macedonian: за́твори
 * Malay:
 * Maltese: għalaq
 * Mongolian:
 * Neapolitan: nchiurè, nzerrà
 * Nepali: बन्द गर्नु
 * Norman: freunmer
 * North Frisian: slütj
 * Norwegian: stenge
 * Occitan:, ,
 * Oromo: cufuu
 * Ottoman Turkish: قاپامق, یوممق
 * Paicî: tärî
 * Persian:
 * Piedmontese: fermé, saré
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: wicgai, wisq'ay
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: serrar, sarrar, serrer, sarar
 * Russian: ,
 * Sango: funga
 * Sardinian: serrai, serrare
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: затворити
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:, , ,
 * Sidamo: cufa
 * Sindhi: بَندِ ڪَرَڻُ
 * Sinhalese: වහනවා
 * Slovak: zatvárať, zatvoriť, zavrieť
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik:, пӯшидан
 * Tamil:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Tok Pisin: pasim
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: ýapmak, örtmek
 * Ugaritic: 𐎒𐎂𐎗
 * Ukrainian: зачиня́ти, зачини́ти,, закри́ти
 * Urdu: بند کرنا
 * Uyghur: يۇمماق
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Venetian: serar, sarar
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:
 * White Hmong: kaw
 * Yiddish: שליסן, פֿאַרמאַכן
 * Zhuang:


 * Afrikaans: toemaak
 * Amis: 'edef
 * Arabic: أَغْلَقَ
 * Egyptian Arabic: قفل
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Basque: itxi
 * Belarusian: зачыня́ць, зачыні́ць
 * Bengali:
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Central Atlas Tamazight: ⵇⵇⵏ
 * Cherokee: ᎠᏍᏚᎲᏍᎦ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: sulgema
 * Ewe: tu
 * Finnish:, laittaa kiinni, panna kiinni
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: დახურვა
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: बंद करना
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: clauder
 * Irish: dún, druid
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:,  ,
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: داخستن
 * Lao:
 * Latin: claudō
 * Latvian: aizvērt, aiztaisīt, aizdarīt
 * Lithuanian: uždaryti
 * Low German: sluten, slüten, tomaken, tomoken, dichtmaken, dichtmoken
 * Luxembourgish: zoumaachen, schléissen
 * Malay: menutup
 * Maltese: agħlaq
 * Maore Comorian: ɓala
 * Maori: pā
 * Nepali: बन्द गर्नु
 * Norman: freunmer
 * Norwegian:, stenge
 * Occitan:, ,
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Quechua: wichq'ay
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: serrar
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: dùin
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: затворити
 * Latin:
 * Slovak: zatvárať, zatvoriť, zavrieť
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:, ,
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Ukrainian: зачиня́ти, зачини́ти
 * Urdu: بند کرنا
 * Vietnamese:
 * Waray-Waray: sadhi, sarhi
 * Welsh:
 * White Hmong:
 * Yiddish: שליסן
 * Zhuang:


 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bengali:
 * Cherokee: ᏓᎦᏔᏍᏗᎭ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 瞇埋眼
 * Mandarin:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: iaigh, dún
 * Japanese:
 * Malay:
 * Maori: whakamoe
 * Ngazidja Comorian: funya
 * Norwegian:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Ukrainian: заплю́щувати,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:
 * Western Bukidnon Manobo: lipezeng


 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:, son qoymaq, qapatmaq
 * Bulgarian:, приклю́ча,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:, fini
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, mettre fin à, , ,
 * Galician:, , pór fin
 * German: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: clauder, concluder, terminar
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese:,  ,
 * Latvian: slēgt
 * Low German: sluten, slüten
 * Maltese: temm
 * Maori: whakamutu, whakaoti
 * Norman: finni
 * Norwegian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, , ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Romansch: finir
 * Russian:, , , , ,
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Turkish:
 * Waray-Waray: tapuson
 * Yiddish: שליסן


 * Azerbaijani:, qısaltmaq
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:


 * Finnish:
 * Swahili:


 * Finnish: päättää (kauppa), tehdä kaupat,
 * French:
 * Italian: ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:

Noun

 * 1) An end or conclusion.
 * We owe them our thanks for bringing the project to a successful close.
 * 1) The manner of shutting; the union of parts; junction.
 * 2)  The point at the end of a sales pitch when the consumer is asked to buy.
 * 3) A grapple in wrestling.
 * 4)  The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
 * 5)  A double bar marking the end.
 * 6)  The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.
 * 1) A grapple in wrestling.
 * 2)  The conclusion of a strain of music; cadence.
 * 3)  A double bar marking the end.
 * 4)  The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.
 * 1)  A double bar marking the end.
 * 2)  The time when checkin staff will no longer accept passengers for a flight.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:, ,
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French:, ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: کۆتایی
 * Latin: clausula
 * Maori: mutunga, whakaotinga
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:

Etymology 2
Borrowed from, from , participle of.

Adjective

 * 1)  Closed, shut.
 * 2) Narrow; confined.
 * 3) At a little distance; near.
 * 4) Intimate; well-loved.
 * 5)  Of a corporation or other business entity, closely held.
 * 6) Oppressive; without motion or ventilation; causing a feeling of lassitude.
 * 7) * 1907,, The Dance of Death [...]the artificial light and close air of his high office stool [...]
 * 8)  Hot, humid, with no wind.
 * 9)   Articulated with the tongue body relatively close to the hard palate.
 * 10) Strictly confined; carefully guarded.
 * 11)  Out of the way of observation; secluded; secret; hidden.
 * 12) Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced.
 * 13) Short.
 * 14)  Dense; solid; compact.
 * 15)  Concise; to the point.
 * 16) * 1690,, Translations (Preface)
 * Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.
 * 1)  Difficult to obtain.
 * 2)  Parsimonious; stingy.
 * 3) Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.
 * 4) Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.
 * 5) Marked, evident.
 * 6) Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer or goal);
 * 7)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1) Nearly equal; almost evenly balanced.
 * 2) Short.
 * 3)  Dense; solid; compact.
 * 4)  Concise; to the point.
 * 5) * 1690,, Translations (Preface)
 * Where the original is close no version can reach it in the same compass.
 * 1)  Difficult to obtain.
 * 2)  Parsimonious; stingy.
 * 3) Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.
 * 4) Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.
 * 5) Marked, evident.
 * 6) Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer or goal);
 * 7)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1)  Parsimonious; stingy.
 * 2) Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.
 * 3) Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.
 * 4) Marked, evident.
 * 5) Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer or goal);
 * 6)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1) Adhering strictly to a standard or original; exact.
 * 2) Accurate; careful; precise; also, attentive; undeviating; strict.
 * 3) Marked, evident.
 * 4) Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer or goal);
 * 5)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1) Marked, evident.
 * 2) Almost, but not quite (getting to an answer or goal);
 * 3)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png
 * 1)  With its wings at its side, closed, held near to its body (typically also statant);  in this posture. Complete Guide to Heraldry Fig446.png

Translations

 * Esperanto:

Synonyms

 * ,, ; see also Thesaurus:near
 * , ; see also Thesaurus:muggy
 * see also Thesaurus:compact
 * see also Thesaurus:compact
 * see also Thesaurus:compact

Antonyms

 * ,, , , ; see also Thesaurus:distant

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: قَرِيب
 * Egyptian Arabic: قُرَيِّب
 * Hijazi Arabic: قَرِيب
 * Armenian: ,
 * Aromanian: aproapea, aproapi
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: яҡын
 * Belarusian: блі́зкі, блі́жні
 * Bouyei: jaec
 * Breton:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 近
 * Mandarin:
 * Crimean Tatar: yaqın
 * Czech:
 * Danish: nær
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian: lähedal
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French: ,
 * Georgian: ახლო, ახლოს, მახლობლად
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌽𐌴𐍈
 * Haitian Creole: pwòch
 * Hebrew:, קְרוֹבָה
 * Hindi:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Interlingua: proxime, vicin
 * Irish: dlúth
 * Isan:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: نزیک
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao:
 * Latgalian: tyvs, tiveims
 * Latvian: tuvs
 * Lithuanian: artimas
 * Lü:
 * Macedonian: бли́зок
 * Malay:
 * Maltese:
 * Maori: tata, piritahi
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: лишыл
 * Nepali: नजिक
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: nær
 * Occitan:
 * Old English: nēah, ġehende
 * Persian: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, ,
 * Quechua: kaylla
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: dlùth, faisg
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бли̏зак
 * Roman:
 * Shan:
 * Slovak: blízky
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: bliski
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tamil:
 * Tatar:
 * Tetum: besik
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: ýakyn
 * Ukrainian: ,
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Welsh:
 * Yiddish: נאָענט
 * Zhuang: gaenh, gyawj


 * Armenian:
 * Bashkir: яҡын
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: íntim
 * Czech:
 * Esperanto: korligita
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Italian:
 * Korean:
 * Maori: taupiri, whakaawhiawhi
 * Mari:
 * Eastern Mari: лишыл
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: dlùth
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swahili:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:


 * Bashkir: тынсыу
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Maori: korire, tūāhuru
 * Welsh:, mwrn,

Noun

 * 1)  An enclosed field, especially a field enclosed around a (usually religious) building.
 * 2)  A street that ends in a dead end.
 * 3)  A very narrow alley between two buildings, often overhung by one of the buildings above the ground floor.
 * 4)  The common staircase in a tenement.
 * 5) A cathedral close.
 * 6)  The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed
 * 1)  The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed
 * 1)  The interest which one may have in a piece of ground, even though it is not enclosed

Translations

 * Bulgarian: задънена улица
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: rúa cega
 * German:
 * Russian:


 * Scottish Gaelic: clobhsa

Noun

 * 1)  close-up photography in which the subject is shown at a large scale
 * 2) attitude
 * 1) attitude