commutation

Etymology 1
From, from , accusative singular of.

Noun

 * 1)  Substitution of one thing for another; interchange.
 * 2) Specifically, the substitution of one kind of payment for another, especially a switch to monetary payment from obligations of labour.
 * 3)  The change to a lesser penalty or punishment by the State
 * 4)  Substitution, as a means of discriminating between phonemes.
 * 5)  The reversal of an electric current.
 * 6)  A passing from one state to another; change; alteration; mutation.
 * 7)  The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.
 * 1)  A passing from one state to another; change; alteration; mutation.
 * 2)  The act of giving one thing for another; barter; exchange.

Translations

 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Indonesian:, komutasi
 * Russian:, ,


 * Bulgarian: смекча́ване на наказа́ние
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: lievennys
 * Russian: измене́ние ме́ры пресече́ния, смягче́ние наказа́ния


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Finnish:
 * Russian:, ,


 * Bulgarian: превклю́чване,
 * Finnish: kommutointi
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:

Etymology 2
From.

Noun

 * 1)  The process or habit of journeying to and from work on a regular basis; commuting.