crusade

Etymology
From, introduced in English (in the French spelling) by 1575. The modern spelling emerges c. 1760,. is introduced in the 15th century, based on 🇨🇬 (late 14th century) and 🇨🇬 (early 13th century), both reflecting, cruxiata, the feminine singular of the adjective  used as an abstract noun.

Adjectival originally meant "tormented; crucified", but from the 12th century  was also used for "marked with a cross; making the sign of the cross" and eventually "taking the cross" in the sense of "going on a crusade".

🇨🇬 is used in the sense "[the Albigensian] crusade" in the Song of the Albigensian crusade, written c. 1213. From vernacular usage, Middle Latin  also comes to be used in the sense "crusade" from about 1270.

Noun

 * 1)  Any of the Papally-endorsed military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Latin Europe in the 11th to 13th centuries to reconquer the Levant from the Muslims, as well as expeditions along the Baltic Sea and against the Cathars.
 * 2) Any war instigated and blessed by the Church for alleged religious ends,  papal-sanctioned military campaigns against infidels or heretics.
 * 3)  A grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause.
 * 4)  A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort.
 * 5)  A Portuguese coin; a crusado.
 * 1)  A mass gathering in a political campaign or during a religious revival effort.
 * 2)  A Portuguese coin; a crusado.
 * 1)  A Portuguese coin; a crusado.
 * 1)  A Portuguese coin; a crusado.

Translations

 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: حَمْلَة صَلِيبِيَّة
 * Armenian: ,
 * Middle Armenian: բասաճ
 * Belarusian: крыжо́вы пахо́д
 * Bulgarian: кръстоно́сен по́ход
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish: korstog
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: krucmilito
 * Estonian:, ristiretk
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: cruzada
 * Georgian: ჯვაროსნობა, ჯვაროსნული ლაშქრობა
 * German:
 * Hebrew: מַסַּע צְלָב
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: krossferð
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Korean:, 십자군전쟁
 * Macedonian: крстоносна војна
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Occitan:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: cruzada
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: крижарски рат, крижарска војна, крсташки рат
 * Roman: križarski rat, križarska vojna, krstaški rat
 * Slovak: križiacka výprava
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish: Haçlı Seferleri
 * Ukrainian: хресто́вий похі́д


 * Afrikaans:
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: حَرْب صَلِيبِيَّة
 * Belarusian: крыжо́вы пахо́д
 * Bulgarian: кръстоно́сен по́ход
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: korstog
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: krucmilito
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 十字軍
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: krusta karš
 * Maltese: krusadi, kruċjati
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: krossferd, krosstog, korstog
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: cruzada
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak: križiacka výprava
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: хресто́вий похі́д

Verb

 * 1)  To go on a military crusade.
 * 2)  To make a grand concerted effort toward some purportedly worthy cause.

Translations

 * Finnish: olla ristiretkellä, ,
 * Turkish: