cryptography

Noun

 * 1) The discipline concerned with communication security (eg, confidentiality of messages, integrity of messages, sender authentication, non-repudiation of messages, and many other related issues), regardless of the used medium such as pencil and paper or computers.
 * 2) * 1658, Sir Thomas Browne (first use in English):
 * We might abate...the strange cryptography of Gaffarell in his Starrie Booke of Heaven.

Usage notes

 * Subfields include encoding, decoding, cryptanalysis, codes, ciphers, etc.
 * In many languages, though less so in English, cognates to "cryptology" are also used with the meaning given above, and even preferred.
 * Related to cryptography but distinct, steganography is the art and science of writing hidden messages in such a way that no-one apart from the sender and intended recipient even realizes there is a hidden message.

Translations

 * Asturian: criptografía
 * Belarusian: крыптагра́фія
 * Bulgarian: криптография
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: kryptografi
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: kriptografio
 * Finnish:, salakirjoitustaito
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: კრიპტოგრაფია
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: गूढ़लेखन
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: dulritunarfræði
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: cripteagrafaíocht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 暗号論
 * Latvian: kriptogrāfija
 * Macedonian: криптографија
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Ukrainian:
 * Yiddish: קריפּטאָגראַפֿיע