custos

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  A warden.
 * 2)  A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order.
 * 3)  In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line.
 * 1)  A monastic superior, who, under the general of his order, has the direction of all the religious houses of the same fraternity in a given district, called a custody of the order.
 * 2)  In older forms of musical notation, an indication, at the end of a line of music, of the first note of the next line.

Translations

 * Czech: kustos
 * French:
 * German:
 * Italian:
 * Latin: custos
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Spanish:

Etymology
Of ultimate origin. Per Nowicki 1978, from a compound *kusto-sd- 'who sits near the hidden/near the treasure', where the first element is cognate to 🇨🇬 (also of uncertain etymology; see more at 🇨🇬 and below) and the second element is a reduced form of 🇨🇬 But this etymology is disputed.

One proposal derives *kusto- and from *kudʰ-to-, from, from , whence 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬. But the derivation of Latin /st/ and Proto-Germanic *zd from PIE *dʰ-t is controversial. Some etymologists consider /st/ to be the regular outcome in Latin of PIE *dʰ-t, based on and ; according to this view, the /ss/ found in participle forms such as  and  was introduced by analogy with forms built on stems ending in other dental consonants. But Michiel de Vaan argues that it is better to analyze /ss/ as the regular outcome of *dʰ-t, and the /st/ of aestās and aestus as an analogical reformation. Thus, De Vaan considers the /st/ in custos unexplained and the etymology unknown.

Oswald Szemerényi (1952/3 [1987]) alternatively derives the /st/ here and the *zd in 🇨🇬 from PIE *sdʰ, tracing both back to a. This etymology is accepted by Ringe 2006 who mentions 🇨🇬 as another cognate. However, Lubotsky 2004 finds this unconvincing and considers the regular outcome of *sdʰ in Latin to be a long vowel + /d/.

Noun

 * 1) A guard, protector, watchman
 * 2) A guardian, tutor
 * 3) A jailer
 * 4) A keeper, custodian
 * 1) A keeper, custodian