devoir

Etymology
From, borrowed from , from , from.

Noun

 * 1)  Duty, business; something that one must do.
 * 2) * 1983,, Sebastian, or Ruling Passions (4), London; Boston, Mass.: , ISBN 978-0-571-13111-2 ; republished in The Avignon Quintet, London: Faber & Faber, 2004, ISBN 978-0-571-22555-2 , page 1057:
 * That is the little bit of essential information which enables us to complete our devoir – without it we are just ordinary people, dispossessed, taken unawares: the original sin!
 * 1) * 1983,, Sebastian, or Ruling Passions (4), London; Boston, Mass.: , ISBN 978-0-571-13111-2 ; republished in The Avignon Quintet, London: Faber & Faber, 2004, ISBN 978-0-571-22555-2 , page 1057:
 * That is the little bit of essential information which enables us to complete our devoir – without it we are just ordinary people, dispossessed, taken unawares: the original sin!
 * 1) * 1983,, Sebastian, or Ruling Passions (4), London; Boston, Mass.: , ISBN 978-0-571-13111-2 ; republished in The Avignon Quintet, London: Faber & Faber, 2004, ISBN 978-0-571-22555-2 , page 1057:
 * That is the little bit of essential information which enables us to complete our devoir – without it we are just ordinary people, dispossessed, taken unawares: the original sin!
 * That is the little bit of essential information which enables us to complete our devoir – without it we are just ordinary people, dispossessed, taken unawares: the original sin!

Etymology
, from, from (to owe; ought, must).

Noun

 * 1) duty
 * 2) exercise, assignment (set for homework)
 * 1) exercise, assignment (set for homework)
 * 1) exercise, assignment (set for homework)

Verb

 * 1) must, to have to, should (as a requirement)
 * 2)  must
 * 3)  should
 * 4) must, to do or have with certainty
 * 5)  to owe (money, obligation and etc)
 * 6)  (even) if it is necessary (+ infinitive)
 * 7)  to have a duty to
 * 1)  (even) if it is necessary (+ infinitive)
 * 2)  to have a duty to
 * 1)  to have a duty to

Usage notes

 * The circumflex accent applied to the in the past participle  serves only to distinguish it from the prepositive . As such, the circumflex is omitted in the participle's other inflections:, , . The diacritic is likewise omitted in the derived adjective  and its inflected forms, but retained in the adverbial derivative  and , where it serves as an etymological marker signaling the elision of the letter  from the older spelling . These latter, however, may be rendered  and  according to the orthographic reforms advanced by the  and approved by the  in 1990.
 * In negative constructions (e.g. and ), the sense becomes "must not," "should not", etc.

Derived terms




Etymology
Borrowed from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) devoir

Etymology
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to have to; must
 * 2) to owe

Conjugation

 * The trema on the of the past participle  is not used by all authors.
 * The feminine forms of the past participle are more commonly spelled and, though  and  are attested.

Noun

 * 1) debt