ecodefence

Etymology
Coined (as ) by in his 1985 book , from.

Noun

 * 1)  Collectively, actions intended to disrupt human activities perceived to be damaging to the environment, typically including civil disobedience and illegal sabotage.
 * 2) * 1987: University of Waterloo Faculty of Environmental Studies, Alternatives, volume 14, unknown pages: (1), (2), (3), (4) (Trent University)
 * ⁽¹⁾ Ecodefence is a provocative call to those deeply concerned with the need for immediate protection of the limited wilderness areas remaining in Canada and the U.S.
 * ⁽²⁾ Foreman concedes that ecodefence is not the only answer to the defence and promotion of wilderness.
 * ⁽³⁾ The guide includes contributions from several different authors who, with the exception of Foreman, remain anonymous because the ecodefence tactics they advocate are acts of civil disobedience or crimes against property.
 * ⁽⁴⁾ […] who should be included in the ecodefence groups, and how to ensure one’s own safety and the safety of those engaged in the activities one is trying to prevent. [¶] Despite the space dedicated to the safety issue, one walks away with the sense that ecodefence may be a very dangerous activity.
 * 1) * 1994: Richard Sylvan [aut.] and David Bennett [aut., ed.], The Greening of Ethics, page 211 (White Horse Press; ISBN 0816515042, 9780816515042)
 * Ecodefence groups are seen, generally unfavourably, as a mix of ‘Green Luddites’ and ‘Green Guerillas’ (neither comparison is very satisfactory; the latter description is inept, given that they generally avoid violence, in ordinary senses, and intend none, carry no weapons, and only venture out on occasional forays). One reason for the controversialness of the tactics is that ecodefence activities conflict, through direct commission, with the laws of the state, which are commonly arranged to allow, or even encourage, environmental devastation and vandalism.