espionage

Etymology
Recorded since 1793, from, from , from , from , from , from , from , from. In modern times, the French pronunciation of the s, which had fallen silent since the 13th century, was restored due to the influence of 🇨🇬, and was therefore also adopted by the English. More at.

Noun

 * 1) The act or process of learning secret information through clandestine means.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: spioenasie
 * Albanian:
 * Amharic: ስለላ
 * Arabic: تَجَسُّس, جَاسُوسِيَّة
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: casusluq
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: шпіяна́ж
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: špionáž
 * Danish: spionage
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: spionado
 * Estonian: spionaaž
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: espionaxe
 * Georgian: შპიონაჟი, აგენტურა
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew: ריגול
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: njósnir, njósn
 * Indonesian:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: スパイ行為
 * Kazakh: тыңшылық
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: 스파이 행위
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຈາຣະກັມ
 * Latin: speculatio
 * Latvian: spiegošana
 * Lithuanian: žvalgyba
 * Macedonian: шпиона́жа
 * Malay: pengintipan
 * Maori: mahi tūtei, tūteitanga
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Ngazidja Comorian: udjasusi
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: spionasje
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: шпијуна́жа
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: špionáž
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tabasaran: жасусвал
 * Tagalog: pagbatyaw
 * Tajik: ҷосусӣ
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: шпигу́нство, шпіона́ж
 * Urdu: جاسوسی
 * Uyghur: جاسۇسلۇق
 * Uzbek: ,
 * Vietnamese: hoạt động tình báo
 * Yiddish: שפּיאָנאַזש


 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Latin: