ge-

Etymology 1
, from, , from , , from , from.

Prefix

 * Ek het die koek geëet — I have eaten the cake.
 * Ek het die koek geëet — I have eaten the cake.

Usage notes

 * The participle prefix ge- is not used before the verbal prefixes, , , and , nor with inseparable prefixed adverbs or prepositions, except in a few exceptional cases or very colloquial speech.
 * For verbs with the suffix, the participle prefix may be optionally omitted. This is more commonly done for more common, disyllabic verbs and for participles in the active voice. It is seldom used in this way in the passive voice or with attributive past participles.
 * In continuous constructs of the type sit en lees, loop en sing, lê en slaap and staan en gesels, the participle prefix may be optionally used on the first of such a verb pair. It is never used for the second verb of the pair.

Etymology 2
, from.

Usage notes

 * The deverbal prefix ge- is not used before the verbal prefixes, , , and , nor with inseparable prefixed adverbs or prepositions, except in a few exceptional cases or very colloquial speech.

Etymology 1
,, from , , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (obsolete 🇨🇬,, ), 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * The participle prefix ge- is not used before the verbal prefixes, , , and , nor with inseparable prefixed adverbs or prepositions.

Etymology 2
From the prefix above with an 'empty' suffix originating from, from.

Usage notes

 * The deverbal prefix ge- is not used before the verbal prefixes, , , and , nor with inseparable prefixed adverbs or prepositions.
 * Sometimes, especially in older formations, shows the effect of ablaut, as in (from liggen).

Etymology
. The German prefix is used to form collective nouns, but generally has nothing to do with gender. However, there is one word in which the force of is very similar to that in Esperanto, namely, a plurale tantum derived from  but meaning “siblings of either sex”. The Esperanto use might be based chiefly on this word.

Prefix

 * 1)  with or among mixed genders
 * → (jocular)
 * 1)  with or among mixed genders
 * → (jocular)
 * 1)  with or among mixed genders
 * → (jocular)
 * 1)  with or among mixed genders
 * → (jocular)
 * 1)  with or among mixed genders
 * → (jocular)
 * 1)  with or among mixed genders
 * → (jocular)
 * → (jocular)

Etymology
, from, , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (obsolete 🇨🇬, , ), 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * (modern: Wolkenformation)
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * (modern: Wolkenformation)
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * (modern: Wolkenformation)
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * (modern: Wolkenformation)
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.
 * 1) ; co-.
 * For example, Gebrüder Grimm, the Brothers Grimm.

Etymology
, from.

Etymology
From earlier, from , , from , , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬 (🇨🇬, ), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Preverb

 * 1) form of  or  used in the changed conjunct order

Etymology
, from, from. Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Prefix

 * 1) ; co-
 * 1) ; co-

Usage notes

 * This prefix was always unstressed, in both nouns and verbs.
 * Although on paper this prefix has specific meanings, in practice it was used very inconsistently. On occasion it may be fully optional and make no meaningful difference, and within that category, sometimes both the prefixed and unprefixed forms are common, and sometimes only one is common. Other times, two verbs have very distinct meanings with the only distinguisher being the prefix. Additionally, its precise definitions are rarely, but not never, clearly reflected in the definition. For example, and this list is far from exhaustive:
 * The verbs and  feature no meaningful difference, and both forms are common.
 * The verbs and  are the same in meaning between the prefixed and unprefixed forms, but in practice, the unprefixed form is almost non-existent in the extant corpus. Similarly,  and  feature no meanginful differences, but  is almost completely unattested in the prose corpus (though it is noticeably more common in poetry).
 * The verbs and  differ only in the prefix, and while both can technically have the same meanings, in practice,  is mostly used to mean to obey, and  is mostly used to mean to hear.
 * The noun invariably always has the prefix, with an unprefixed form unattested. Notice also that every use of the prefix thus far does not clearly reflect any of the above four definitions.
 * Some adjectives like and, which mean "pregnant with a calf" and "pregnant with a lamb" respectively, reflect the second definition. The second definition can also be seen in the plurals of  and  –  and  (and various alternate forms), respectively – though usage of the prefix is not consistent across dialects or eras.
 * The prefix was almost always found on past participles in prose, but in poetry it was occasionally left off, mainly for metrical reasons. Verbs with any prefix other than will not take the prefix in the past participle.