hedge sermon

Etymology
, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  An open-air religious service held by Calvinists in the Low Countries during the Reformation, typically in rural areas beyond the reach of civic authorities.
 * 2) * 1999, ;, transl., Amsterdam: A Brief Life of the City, London: Harvill Press, ISBN 978-1-86046-598-7 ; republished London: , 2001, ISBN 978-1-86046-789-9 , page 82:
 * Fearing an escalation of the unrest, the city administrators made some important concessions to the Protestants: the Catholic churches were closed after the removal of all religious images; the Calvinists were permitted to hold their hedge sermons, albeit only outside the city.

Related terms

 * hedge parson
 * hedge priest