ir

Etymology
From, from , a variant of.

Pronoun

 * 1) you

Etymology
.

Verb

 * 1) go

Pronoun

 * 1) them

Etymology
Either the old word for "copper" or some derivation from it:, , from.

Noun

 * 1) verdigris

Etymology
From, from. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of ; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of.

Verb

 * 1) to go
 * 2) to work, function, run

Etymology
From, active present infinitive of ; which its conjugation also influenced by 🇨🇬 (present indicatives , , , and all from ).

Verb

 * 1) to go

Etymology
From Proto-Alor–Pantar *jira.

Noun

 * 1) water

Etymology
Shortened form of, from. Akin to 🇨🇬.

Usage notes

 * ir is mostly used in unstressed positions, while is mostly common for stressed positions in the sentence.

Etymology
Cognate with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  hand

Etymology 1
From  (cf. dialectal, archaic forms, , , and also 🇨🇬, which existed alongside  (cf. 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 dialectal, 🇨🇬), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing . In 🇨🇬, also the first person form is derived from this stem. The origin of 🇨🇬 is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. 🇨🇬), the particle and conjunction, a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the 🇨🇬 secondary third-person verbal ending with a later -ā-extension.

Verb

 * 1) (he, she, it) is;
 * 2) (they) are;
 * 3)  let (him, her, it) be;
 * 4)  let them be;

Etymology 2
From, from the reduced grade  of  (whence also 🇨🇬; see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare 🇨🇬 cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬.

Conjunction

 * : both ... and ..., ... and also ..., ... as well as ...

Particle

 * Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline
 * : really, even
 * Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline
 * : really, even

Etymology
From, compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, from ; compare 🇨🇬. If the original meaning was "fittingly, accordingly", the root may be identical to, see for more.

🇨🇬 is probably not related.

Conjunction

 * 1)  and, too
 * 2)  and, so
 * , ir̃   . - the weather was nice, and (=so) we decided to travel.
 * 1)  both … and …

Particle

 * 1)  even, and
 *  ir̃  ! - I didn't even manage that!
 * 1)  exactly, just, precisely
 *  ir̃ ,   . - It's him that we're talking about
 * 1)  and, so
 * , ir̃ ! - So what!

Etymology
From, from. Compare 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1) ye, you  (only in Southeastern texts)

Etymology
From, from , variant of , from.

Pronoun

 * 1) you:

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Pronoun

 * 1) you

Etymology
From, variant of , from.

Pronoun

 * 1) you
 * 2)  you
 * 3) * late 9th century, Otfrid of Weissenburg, Letter to Bishop Salomo of Constance v. 5-7:
 * "goh"

- Lékza ih therara búachi / iu sentu in suábo richi, thaz ir irkíaset ubar ál, / oba siu frúma wesan scal; Oba ir hiar fíndet iawiht thés / thaz wírdig ist thes lésannes:

Usage notes
Some speakers of Old High German appear to have contrasted the "polite" singular (plural forms) with the regular, informal singular (singular forms), as in Modern German Sie versus du. This distinction is however not well-attested, and may have been regional, genre-dependent, or only in late Old High German.

Etymology
From (compare West Norse ), from, variant of.

Pronoun

 * 1) you

Etymology
Ultimately from.

Article

 * 1) (definite article) the
 * 2) * 9th c., Oxoniensis Prior (Bodleian Library, Oxford), v. 234:
 * "owl"

- ir pimphet eterin

Etymology
. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding forms of ; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of.

Verb

 * 1)  to go
 * 2)   will; to be going to;
 * 3)   to keep on; to go on; ~ on;
 * 4)   to go; to leave; to depart
 * 5)  to attend; to go to
 * 6)   to go on until; to last to
 * 7)  to do; to fare
 * 8)   to be doing;
 * 9)   to be gone
 * 10)   to leave ; to depart
 * 11)   to go
 * 12)   to match; to go with
 * 13)   to like or tolerate
 * 14)   to follow
 * 15)  to range
 * 16)   to call
 * 17)  to depart; to leave
 * 18)  to pass away; to depart; to die
 * 1)   to be gone
 * 2)   to leave ; to depart
 * 3)   to go
 * 4)   to match; to go with
 * 5)   to like or tolerate
 * 6)   to follow
 * 7)  to range
 * 8)   to call
 * 9)  to depart; to leave
 * 10)  to pass away; to depart; to die
 * 1)   to like or tolerate
 * 2)   to follow
 * 3)  to range
 * 4)   to call
 * 5)  to depart; to leave
 * 6)  to pass away; to depart; to die
 * 1)  to range
 * 2)   to call
 * 3)  to depart; to leave
 * 4)  to pass away; to depart; to die
 * 1)  to depart; to leave
 * 2)  to pass away; to depart; to die
 * 1)  to pass away; to depart; to die
 * 1)  to pass away; to depart; to die

Usage notes
The use of auxiliary ir with lexical ir (e.g. Eu vou ir para casa “I'm going to go home”) is sometimes proscribed. A single ir (Eu vou para casa, even though this also means the present “I'm going home”) or the future tense form (Eu irei para casa, which is rather formal) can be used instead.

Usually used in the preterite and with the pronoun preceding the verb:

Etymology
. The forms beginning with /v/ derive from corresponding conjugations of, and those beginning with /m/ presumably from.

Verb

 * 1)  go

Verb

 * 1)  Second-person simple present form of to be
 * 2)  Plural simple present form of to be

Etymology
. The forms beginning with /b/ derive from corresponding forms of ; those beginning with /f/ derive from corresponding forms of.

Verb

 * 1)  to go (away from speaker and listener)
 * 2)  to be suitable or apt for its purpose, to match or suit well
 * 3)  to head towards or lead to a place away from the speaker
 * 4)  to extend in time or space, from one point to another
 * 5)  to play
 * 6)  to approach or consider (something) from a specific angle, or to direct attention towards a particular goal
 * 7)   ; to go on, to carry on
 * 8)  ; to grow (dark), get (cloudy)
 * 9)  to be going to;
 * 10)  to be staked or bet in a dispute or competition
 * 11)  ; let's
 * 12)  to habitually happen on a specific day or occasion; to habitually go
 * 13)  to go fetch
 * 14)  to come
 * 15)  to go away, to leave, to depart, to go
 * 16)  to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
 * 17)  to overflow
 * 18)  to go out (lights)
 * 19)  to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
 * 20)  to die
 * 21)  to break wind, to fart
 * 22)  to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
 * 23)  to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm
 * 1)  to be going to;
 * 2)  to be staked or bet in a dispute or competition
 * 3)  ; let's
 * 4)  to habitually happen on a specific day or occasion; to habitually go
 * 5)  to go fetch
 * 6)  to come
 * 7)  to go away, to leave, to depart, to go
 * 8)  to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
 * 9)  to overflow
 * 10)  to go out (lights)
 * 11)  to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
 * 12)  to die
 * 13)  to break wind, to fart
 * 14)  to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
 * 15)  to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm
 * 1)  to go fetch
 * 2)  to come
 * 3)  to go away, to leave, to depart, to go
 * 4)  to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
 * 5)  to overflow
 * 6)  to go out (lights)
 * 7)  to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
 * 8)  to die
 * 9)  to break wind, to fart
 * 10)  to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
 * 11)  to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm
 * 1)  to go away, to leave, to depart, to go
 * 2)  to leak out (with liquids and gasses), to boil away, to go flat (gas in drinks)
 * 3)  to overflow
 * 4)  to go out (lights)
 * 5)  to finish, to wear out, to disappear (e.g. money, paint, pains, mechanical parts)
 * 6)  to die
 * 7)  to break wind, to fart
 * 8)  to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
 * 9)  to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm
 * 1)  to break wind, to fart
 * 2)  to wet/soil oneself (i.e., urinate or defecate in one's pants)
 * 3)  to come, to cum, to ejaculate, to orgasm

Usage notes

 * ir is similar to in many senses.
 * Estar + gerund expresses the fact that the action of the verb is happening on the immediate present, with no inherent sense of past or future movement through time or space. It's the standard and more common expression.
 * "Ella está cantando" (She is singing) could imply:
 * Current Action (She is singing right now)
 * Continuous State (She is currently engaged in an event where she regularly sings, but might not be doing so at the moment)
 * (now or ): Habitual action "she sings in the morning every day"
 * ir + gerund expresses a kind of iterative or durative aspect. It Emphasizes that the action involves movement or change over time, particularly along a longer process or journey, one that will usually be continued into the future. It is less common in casual speech and is mostly found in formal or literary works.
 * "Ella va cantando" (She goes on singing) could imply:
 * She is moving and singing, either simultaneously or independently (She could move, stop to sing, and then continue moving). Either moving and singing with no defined direction through different locations (She goes around singing wherever she is) or along a specified path.
 * The continuous and habitual nature and development of the action over the past, present and often future (She sings little by little and improves over time) Emphasizes progression and the gradual unfolding of a habitual action.


 * The basic meaning "go" applies to any kind of animate or inanimate motion: walk, ride, sail, fly, etc.
 * The voseo imperative of is typically replaced by the imperative of, which has the form , though the form  is sometimes used as well.

Conjugation
The forms imos and ides for the first person plural and second person plural have been attested in older versions of Spanish.

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬), from  (compare 🇨🇬), from, from. .

Adjective

 * 1) raw, unprocessed
 * 2) fresh, succulent

Pronoun

 * 1) ; he, she, it