izan

Etymology
A plausible reconstruction for the participle of the intransitive forms is, while can be reconstructed for the transitive ones. The verb forms in each paradigm have different etymologies:
 * NOR: from the participle prefix + the stem  (of unknown origin) + the past participle suffix . It has numerous suppletive stem forms. The present-tense forms have three stems: -a (third-person singular only), -aiz (with first and second-person singular prefixes), and -ara (in first and second person plural forms).
 * NOR-NORI: the stem -(t)zai- occurs in the indicative forms. The potential and imperative forms have the suppletive stem -ki-. Forms with plural nor agreement throughout the paradigm have the suffix -zki- immediately attached the stem and preceding the nori agreement suffixes.
 * NOR-NORK: the stem -(d)u- forms the basis of the indicative forms. This stem also appears in the dialectal participle . A verbal noun edutzea is attested from the fifteenth century, derived from either  or . The potential and imperative forms are built on the stem -za- which becomes -tza- after a prefix ending in n.
 * NOR-NORI: the stem is -i- in the indicative, and -ieza- in the potential and imperative. As in the nor-nori izan paradigm, forms with plural nor (absolutive) agreement are suffixed with -zki-. This marker is attached directly to the stem and precedes other agreement suffixes.

Verb

 * 1)  to be
 * 2)  to be essentially or identified as
 * 3) to exist; to occur
 * 4)  to be to occupy a place
 * 5)  to be in a transient fashion
 * 6)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to be to occupy a place
 * 2)  to be in a transient fashion
 * 3)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess
 * 1)  to have, to possess

Usage notes

 * Southern Basque (like Spanish) has two different verbs that are usually translated to English as “to be”: izan and . The former is used to express a quality of something (the first two examples), while the latter (the third and fourth examples) is used to express a location or a temporary state. Northern Basque does not have this distinction, so "to be" can be translated as izan in almost all contexts.


 * Light verb constructions with usually take  auxiliaries, even when translated by intransitive verbs.


 * The dative argument frequently corresponds to an indirect object in English, but often indicates the possessor of the direct object  of the verb, usually expressed as a possessive in English.
 * Verbs of the class can only take third person direct objects (/absolutive arguments).
 * In Northern dialects the citation form is used for the transitive senses, with  reserved for the intransitive ones.
 * The tenses are referred to by the names given in the 1979 standarization of verbal forms, with the exception of the consequential indicative forms. This is the most common notation in non-specialist textbooks and learning materials.
 * In linguistic contexts, the and  forms belonging to the potential, subjunctive and imperative moods are usually classified as belonging to a reconstructed verb . The 1997 standardization of verbal forms uses this analysis.
 * Basque grammarians usually refer to the and  auxiliaries by the northern citation form  or by the reconstructed participle form ; as a different  verb from the intransitive forms of . The forms belonging to the potential, subjunctive and imperative moods belong to a different reconstructed verb,.