ka- -an

Etymology
From, compare , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Compare, and.

Usage notes

 * In forming abstract nouns, and  are more productive in colloquial language.
 * Placement of stress:
 * Sense 1: Stress is placed on the last syllable (-an)
 * The rest: Stress is usually placed at the penultimate syllable after affixation:
 * When attached directly after a vowel without a glottal stop, an epenthetic /h/ is usually inserted between the two vowels. However, this isn't always the case, as /ʔ/ may be inserted in this position instead.
 * , but
 * In a handful of cases, an epenthetic /nʔ/ is inserted instead:
 * In some affixations, the vowel in the syllable before or after the stressed syllable is typically omitted, as long as it does not break the language's CVCCVC syllable structure. After which metathesis or some other sound change may happen to consonants in awkward positions.
 * *kaʔupátan > *kaʔpátan > kapʔátan
 * *kabisáyaʔan > Kabisáyʔan
 * *kapupúluʔan > *kapupúlʔan > kapupúdʔan
 * This is not universally observed; more so in colloquial, newly-derived words
 * In some affixations, the vowel in the syllable before or after the stressed syllable is typically omitted, as long as it does not break the language's CVCCVC syllable structure. After which metathesis or some other sound change may happen to consonants in awkward positions.
 * *kaʔupátan > *kaʔpátan > kapʔátan
 * *kabisáyaʔan > Kabisáyʔan
 * *kapupúluʔan > *kapupúlʔan > kapupúdʔan
 * This is not universally observed; more so in colloquial, newly-derived words
 * *kapupúluʔan > *kapupúlʔan > kapupúdʔan
 * This is not universally observed; more so in colloquial, newly-derived words

Circumfix

 * 1) -ness;.
 * 2) -ship;.
 * 3) -ity;.
 * 1) -ship;.
 * 2) -ity;.
 * 1) -ship;.
 * 2) -ity;.
 * 1) -ity;.

Circumfix

 * 1) -ed;

Circumfix

 * 1)  adjective forming for very [base] or exceed, affixed into adjective, adverb, or noun.

Etymology
From (compare 🇨🇬).

Usage notes

 * Normally, is inserted before -an when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and  becomes.
 * Due to allophony, turns into  when inserted before -an or after ka-.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Due to allophony, turns into  when inserted before -an or after ka-.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Due to allophony, turns into  when inserted before -an or after ka-.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.
 * Sense 4: The ka- prefix has a stress while the stress of the root shifts syllables to the right. For roots with stress on the last syllable, the stress goes to -an.