kidney

English
[[File:KidneyStructures PioM.svg|thumb| Diagram of a human kidney with major structures labeled.

1. renal pyramid • 2. interlobular artery • 3. renal artery • 4. renal vein 5. renal hilum • 6. renal pelvis • 7. ureter • 8. minor calyx • 9. renal capsule • 10. inferior renal capsule • 11. superior renal capsule • 12. interlobular vein • 13. nephron • 14. renal sinus • 15. major calyx • 16. renal papilla • 17. renal column ]]

Etymology
From, , from earlier , , of origin and formation. Probably a compound consisting of, , from , + , from , from , from , from. If so, then related to Scots, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,.

Alternate etymology traces the first element to, , from as the terms for testicle and kidney were often interchangeable in Germanic (compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬). More at.

Noun

 * 1) An organ in the body that filters the blood, producing urine.
 * 2) This organ (of an animal) cooked as food.
 * 3)  Constitution, temperament, nature, type, character, disposition.
 * 4) * 30th June, 1788,, letter to Mr Robert Ainslie
 * Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
 * 1)  A waiter.
 * 1) * 30th June, 1788,, letter to Mr Robert Ainslie
 * Your poets, spendthrifts, and other fools of that kidney, pretend, forsooth, to crack their jokes on prudence.
 * 1)  A waiter.
 * 1)  A waiter.

Translations

 * Abkhaz: аҷаҷа
 * Afrikaans: nier
 * Albanian:, rrâni
 * Aleut:
 * Eastern: dax̂tux̂
 * Western: daax̂tux̂
 * Amharic: ኩላሊት
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: كلية
 * Aragonese: rinyón
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: arniclju, riniclju
 * Assamese: বৃক্ক
 * Asturian: ,
 * Avar: ургьисала, багӏаржо
 * Avestan: 𐬬𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬐𐬀
 * Aymara: maymuru
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: бөйөр
 * Basque:
 * Belarusian: ны́рка
 * Bengali:, ,
 * Breton: lounez
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chechen: жим
 * Chichewa: impso
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 腎
 * Hakka: 腎家
 * Hokkien:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Cornish: loneth
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dhivehi: ގުރުދާ
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: reno
 * Estonian:
 * Even: боста
 * Evenki: босокто
 * Ewe: ayiku
 * Extremaduran:
 * Faroese: nýra
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: rognon
 * Galician:, rinle, ,
 * Georgian:, ჭაჭა
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: νεφρός
 * Gujarati: મુત્રપિંડ
 * Gurani: وەڵک
 * Haitian Creole: ren
 * Hausa: ƙoda
 * Hawaiian: hakuʻala
 * Hebrew:, כליות
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Hunsrik: Nier
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: pocka, selkämuna, kuvemuna
 * Ingush: жим
 * Interlingua:
 * Irish:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Jarai: bôh ƀleh
 * Kannada:
 * Kapampangan: batu
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer:, តម្រងមូត្រ , តម្រងនោម
 * Kituba: kifio
 * Korean: ,
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Laki Kurdish: گورداڵە
 * Northern Kurdish:
 * Southern Kurdish: گورجیک, گورچیڵِک, گورداڵە
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ໝາກໄຂ່ຫຼັງ, ໄຕ
 * Latgalian: eiksts
 * Latin:
 * Latvian: niere, īkstis
 * Laz: დირკუ, ბუმბურეღი
 * Lithuanian: inkstas
 * Low German:
 * Lü: ᦖᦱᧅᦶᦅᧁ
 * Luxembourgish:
 * Macedonian: бубрег
 * Malagasy:
 * Malay:, ,
 * Malayalam: ,
 * Maltese: kilwa
 * Manchu: ᠪᠣᠰᡥᠣ
 * Manx: aarey
 * Maori: tākihi, whatukuhu, whatumanawa
 * Marathi: गुडदा
 * Mingrelian: ჭაჭა
 * Mirandese: renhon
 * Mizo: kal
 * Mongolian:
 * Nanai: босокто
 * Navajo: achą́ʼáshkʼazhí
 * Nepali: मिर्गौलो
 * Norman: rein
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: nyre
 * Nuosu: ꀑ
 * Occitan:, arnelh
 * Odia:, ବୃକ୍କକ
 * Ojibwe: indoodikosiw
 * Old Church Slavonic: исто
 * Old English: lundlaga
 * Oromo:
 * Ossetian: уырг
 * Ottoman Turkish: بوبرك, كلیه
 * Pali: vakka
 * Pashto: پوښتورګى, بدوری
 * Persian: ,
 * Plautdietsch: Nia
 * Polabian: jaistă
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Punjabi: ਗੁਰਦਾ
 * Quechua: rurun
 * Rajasthani: गुड़दौ
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: gnirunchel, narunchel, niruncel, nirunchel, ranuogl
 * Russian:
 * Sango:
 * Sanskrit:
 * Sardinian: arrene, rene, arrigu, errigu, orrungione, orrunzone, runzone, nerule
 * Scottish Gaelic: dubhag
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: бу̀брег
 * Roman:
 * Shan:
 * Shona: itsvo, tsvo , svo
 * Sicilian:
 * Sindhi:
 * Sinhalese: වකුගඩුව
 * Slovak:, ľadvina
 * Slovene:
 * Somali: kelli
 * Spanish:
 * Sundanese: ᮌᮤᮔ᮪ᮏᮜ᮪
 * Svan: ჯაჭ
 * Swahili:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog:
 * Tajik:
 * Talysh: vek
 * Tamil:
 * Tarifit: tiyẓẓetš
 * Tat: gürdə
 * Tatar:
 * Telugu:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tibetan: མཁལ་རིལ
 * Tigrinya: ኵሊት
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen:
 * Tuvan: бүүрек
 * Udi: гурдакӏ
 * Ugaritic: 𐎋𐎍𐎊𐎚
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu: گُرْدَہ
 * Uyghur: بۆرەك
 * Uzbek:
 * Venetian: reno
 * Vietnamese: (腎)
 * Volapük:
 * Walloon:, ,
 * Welsh: aren
 * White Hmong:
 * Wolof: roño
 * Yagnobi: ғуркак
 * Yakut: бүөр
 * Yami: mao
 * Yiddish: ניר
 * Zazaki: velkek, gulçıg
 * Zhuang: mak, samndaen, iucij
 * Zou: kel
 * Zulu: izinso


 * Afrikaans: nier
 * Arabic:
 * North Levantine Arabic: كَلاوِي
 * Bashkir: бөйөр
 * Basque:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 腎, 腰
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ledvinky
 * French:
 * Galician: riles
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Maltese: kilwa
 * Norman: rîngnon
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: nyre
 * Occitan: renhon,
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ,
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon: ,
 * Zazaki: velkek