luctor

Etymology
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European (whence also  and ).

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, and 🇨🇬. Compare with 🇨🇬;.

Per De Vaan, formed as a frequentative from, the perfect passive participle form of an unattested non-frequentative verb. De Vaan assumes the stem had a short vowel here and in, despite noting that this is difficult to explain as the word meets the conditions for Lachmann's law to apply; he speculates that a hypothetical nasal present stem (which would regularly have had a short vowel), as found in Celtic, could have exerted analogical influence on the vowel length.

Pronunciation

 * The u in the first syllable is short per De Vaan (2008) and Wartburg (1928–2002), long per Bennett (1907). Bennett appeals to Romance for ū, but Wartburg says there actually seem to be outcomes of both ŭ and ū in Romance. Buchi and Schweickard say that outside of Sardinian, Vegliote and Ladin, all Romance forms are consistent with descent from Proto-Romance *lʊkt‑; they explain the development of *ʊ to /u/ in Gaulish and Iberian varieties as an effect of the following palatal glide that developed in the cluster /kt/.
 * The u in the first syllable is short per De Vaan (2008) and Wartburg (1928–2002), long per Bennett (1907). Bennett appeals to Romance for ū, but Wartburg says there actually seem to be outcomes of both ŭ and ū in Romance. Buchi and Schweickard say that outside of Sardinian, Vegliote and Ladin, all Romance forms are consistent with descent from Proto-Romance *lʊkt‑; they explain the development of *ʊ to /u/ in Gaulish and Iberian varieties as an effect of the following palatal glide that developed in the cluster /kt/.

Verb

 * 1) to struggle, strive, contend
 * 2) to wrestle, fight
 * 1) to wrestle, fight

Descendants

 * Balkan Romance:
 * Italo-Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Gallo-Italic:
 * /lyˈt͡ʃa/
 * /loˈt͡ʃe/
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * North Italian:
 * Gallo-Italic:
 * /lyˈt͡ʃa/
 * /loˈt͡ʃe/
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Gallo-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance:
 * Ibero-Romance: