much

Etymology
From, apocopated variant of , from , , from , from , from. See also,.

Cognate with 🇨🇬,, , , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 "great, many, much"; > 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, Modern 🇨🇬.

Note that 🇨🇬 is not related to 🇨🇬, and their resemblance in both form and meaning is purely coincidental, as derives from 🇨🇬 and is not related to the 🇨🇬 forms. Instead, related to 🇨🇬.

Pronunciation

 * (Southern England, US, Canada)
 * (Southern England, US, Canada)
 * (Southern England, US, Canada)
 * (Southern England, US, Canada)
 * (Southern England, US, Canada)
 * (Southern England, US, Canada)

Determiner

 * 1) A large amount of.
 * 2)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).
 * 1)  A great number of; many (people).


 * 1)  many ( + plural countable noun).
 * 1)  many ( + plural countable noun).
 * 1)  many ( + plural countable noun).

Usage notes

 * is now generally used with uncountable nouns. The equivalent used with countable nouns is . In positive contexts, much is widely avoided: I have a lot of money instead of I have much money. There are some exceptions to this, however: I have much hope for the future. A lot of these cases are emotive transitive verbs and nouns.  I have much need for a new assistant.  In parallel, I need it very much.
 * Unlike many determiners, is frequently modified by intensifying adverbs, as in “too much”, “very much”, “so much”, “not much”, and so on. (The same is true of .)

Synonyms

 * a great deal of, a lot of

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * American Sign Language: Claw5@TipFinger-Claw5@CenterChesthigh Claw5@SideChesthigh-Claw5@SideChesthigh
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: كتير
 * Hijazi Arabic: كثير
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: multu
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Belarusian: мно́га, ,
 * Bengali: ,
 * Bulgarian:
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chickasaw: lawa, i̠lawa
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ბევრი
 * German:
 * Gothic: 𐌼𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌲𐍃
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: πολύς
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hittite: mekki
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Igbo:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: paljo, moni, äijä, ussia, isost
 * Irish: a lán, mórán
 * Isan:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Javanese: okeh
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer:
 * Korean: ,
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ຫຼາຍ
 * Latgalian: daudzi
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lü:
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay:
 * Manx: monney
 * Mongolian:
 * Nahuatl: açan
 * Neapolitan: nu sacco
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Nynorsk: mykje
 * Ottoman Turkish: چوك, كلی مقدار
 * Pashto:
 * Persian:
 * Pirahã: xapagí
 * Plautdietsch: väl
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese:, um monte de
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: bler
 * Russian: ,
 * Sanskrit: ,
 * Scots: muckle, mickle
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пуно, мно̏гӣ, мно̏го
 * Roman:, ,
 * Shan:
 * Sinhalese:
 * Slovak: veľa, mnoho
 * Slovene:, mnogo
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: ,
 * Tamil:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tocharian A: māk
 * Tocharian B: māka
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: köp
 * Ukrainian:, чима́ло
 * Urdu: بہت
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Yiddish: אַ סך, פֿיל
 * Zazaki:, zaf
 * Zhuang: haujlai, lai

Adjective

 * 1)  Large, great.
 * 2)  Long in duration.
 * 1)  Long in duration.

Adverb

 * 1) To a great extent.
 * 2) Often; frequently.
 * 3)  Almost.
 * 1) Often; frequently.
 * 2)  Almost.
 * 1) Often; frequently.
 * 2)  Almost.
 * 1) Often; frequently.
 * 2)  Almost.
 * 1) Often; frequently.
 * 2)  Almost.
 * 1) Often; frequently.
 * 2)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.
 * 1)  Almost.

Usage notes

 * As a verb modifier in positive contexts, must in standard English be modified by another adverb: I like fish very much, I like fish so much, etc. but not *I like fish much.
 * As a comparative intensifier, many can be used instead of much if it modifies the comparative form of many, i.e. more with a countable noun: many more people but much more snow.
 * May be used in humorous questions to draw attention to somebody's undesirable behaviour: "desperate much?", "cherry-picking much?", etc.

Synonyms

 * a great deal, a lot, greatly, highly,  loads, plenty, very much

Translations

 * Arabic: كَثِيرًا
 * Armenian:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chamicuro: ma'sho
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Gallo: brav'ment
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Guaraní: heta
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Ingrian: paljo, äijä
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Latin:
 * Latvian:
 * Macedonian:
 * Maltese: qatigħ
 * Old French: molt, mult, mout
 * Old Occitan: molt
 * Ottoman Turkish: چوك, كلیاً
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Sanskrit:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: пуно, мно̏го
 * Latin: ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:
 * Tày: lai
 * Ukrainian: набага́то,
 * Volapük:
 * Zazaki: qatran

Pronoun

 * 1) A large amount or great extent.
 * From those to whom much has been given much is expected.
 * We lay awake for much of the night.

Noun

 * 1) bird

Verb

 * 1) to end

Adverb

 * 1) ; very, greatly