niggardly

Adjective

 * 1) Withholding for the sake of meanness; stingy, miserly.
 * 2) * 1609, Joseph Hall, (paraphrasing Ambrose? in) "No Peace with Rome", in Josiah Pratt (editor), The Works of the Right Reverend Father in God, Joseph Hall, D. D., Vol. IX. Polemical Works, London, (1808), page 57:
 * [W]here the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the steward to be niggardly.
 * [W]here the owner of the house will be bountiful, it is not for the steward to be niggardly.

Usage notes

 * This term may cause offence, especially in the US, as it is easily confused with, an adjectival form of the racial slur . As such, even though the two words are etymologically unrelated, it has still fallen out of general use.

Translations

 * Arabic: بَخِيل
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech: lakotný,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:, ,
 * German:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: kuiva
 * Irish: ceachartha
 * Maori: matewhēngoi, matatoua
 * Old English: hnēaw
 * Polish:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, , ,

Adverb

 * 1)  In a parsimonious way; sparingly, stingily.
 * , New York 2001, p.105:
 * because many families are compelled to live niggardly, exhaust and undone by great dowers, none shall be given at all, or very little [&hellip;].