nigger

Etymology
Probably immediately from or  and ; ultimately from, thus a. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. First use appears c. 1577, in the writings of Edward Hellowes (fl. 1574–1601). The expected Modern English pronunciation would be with ; compare. The modern pronunciation with may be due to influence from the Latin  (compare the older Southern US pronunciation of  with ), but compare the dialectal American pronunciations of  and  as  and.

Noun

 * 1)  A black person; a person of black African descent.
 * 2)  A person of black African descent who behaves badly or unconventionally.
 * 3)  A member of any typically dark-skinned people.
 * 4)  A friend, particularly a fellow black person.
 * 5)  A person of any kind (particularly as a term of abuse).
 * 6)  A member of a group that is oppressed or marginalized in the manner of black people.
 * 7) * 1979 April 14, Jil Clark (quoting Mel King), "King Axes Women's Commission", in Gay Community News, page 1:
 * The governor made it into office by campaigning against the niggers. And people should understand who the niggers are. It's the elderly one week. Then it's those on public assistance. Now he sees women as niggers, and he's trying to do them in.
 * 1) * c. 1972 Ron Dellums, speech quoted in e.g. 2012, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 (Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9781451691573), page 58:
 * "en"
 * 1)  A member of any typically dark-skinned people.
 * 2)  A friend, particularly a fellow black person.
 * 3)  A person of any kind (particularly as a term of abuse).
 * 4)  A member of a group that is oppressed or marginalized in the manner of black people.
 * 5) * 1979 April 14, Jil Clark (quoting Mel King), "King Axes Women's Commission", in Gay Community News, page 1:
 * The governor made it into office by campaigning against the niggers. And people should understand who the niggers are. It's the elderly one week. Then it's those on public assistance. Now he sees women as niggers, and he's trying to do them in.
 * 1) * c. 1972 Ron Dellums, speech quoted in e.g. 2012, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 (Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9781451691573), page 58:
 * "en"
 * 1)  A person of any kind (particularly as a term of abuse).
 * 2)  A member of a group that is oppressed or marginalized in the manner of black people.
 * 3) * 1979 April 14, Jil Clark (quoting Mel King), "King Axes Women's Commission", in Gay Community News, page 1:
 * The governor made it into office by campaigning against the niggers. And people should understand who the niggers are. It's the elderly one week. Then it's those on public assistance. Now he sees women as niggers, and he's trying to do them in.
 * 1) * c. 1972 Ron Dellums, speech quoted in e.g. 2012, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 (Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9781451691573), page 58:
 * "en"
 * The governor made it into office by campaigning against the niggers. And people should understand who the niggers are. It's the elderly one week. Then it's those on public assistance. Now he sees women as niggers, and he's trying to do them in.
 * 1) * c. 1972 Ron Dellums, speech quoted in e.g. 2012, Hunter S. Thompson, Fear and Loathing on the Campaign Trail '72 (Simon and Schuster, ISBN 9781451691573), page 58:
 * "en"

- It's time for somebody to lead all of America's Niggers," he said at the Capitol Hill press conference when Shirley Chisholm announced she was running for president, "and by this I mean the Young, the Black, the Brown, the Women, the Poor—all the people who feel left out of the political process. If we can put the Nigger Vote together, we can bring about some real change in this country."


 * 1) * 1972, John Lennon and Yoko Ono, "Woman Is the Nigger of the World" (song)
 * 2)  Any of various dark animals:
 * 3)  Any member of species  (luderick).
 * 4)  A dark brown nymphalid butterfly,, of south Asia, southeast Asia, and Australia.
 * 5)  A kind of sea cucumber,, the cotton-spinner.
 * 6)  The larva of the turnip sawfly, an agricultural pest.
 * 7)  An impurity in the covering of an electrical conductor which serves to make a partial short circuit, and thus becomes sufficiently heated to burn and destroy the insulation.
 * 8)  A strong iron-bound timber with sharp teeth or spikes protruding from its front face, forming part of the machinery of a sawmill, and used in canting logs, etc.
 * 9)  A steam-capstan on some Mississippi river boats, used to haul the boat over bars and snags by a rope fastened to a tree on the bank.
 * 10)  A black screen used in conjunction with the camera to block light or produce special lighting effects.
 * 1)  A strong iron-bound timber with sharp teeth or spikes protruding from its front face, forming part of the machinery of a sawmill, and used in canting logs, etc.
 * 2)  A steam-capstan on some Mississippi river boats, used to haul the boat over bars and snags by a rope fastened to a tree on the bank.
 * 3)  A black screen used in conjunction with the camera to block light or produce special lighting effects.
 * 1)  A steam-capstan on some Mississippi river boats, used to haul the boat over bars and snags by a rope fastened to a tree on the bank.
 * 2)  A black screen used in conjunction with the camera to block light or produce special lighting effects.
 * 1)  A black screen used in conjunction with the camera to block light or produce special lighting effects.

Usage notes

 * The word "nigger" is considered to be extremely offensive and one of the most taboo words in the English language. In a 2007 study by Kristy Beers Fägersten, undergraduates at the University of Florida were asked to rate 12 pejorative English words on a scale of 1 ('Not Offensive') to 10 ('Very Offensive'). Participants rated nigger the most offensive, nearly 2 points higher than the second-most offensive word, cunt. New Zealand's  conducted a study in 2010 and again in 2013 which found that nigger was the second-most offensive word in New Zealand (after cunt), offending 66% and 65% of those surveyed respectively,  and a similar study by several British broadcasting organizations found that "nigger" offended 68% of Britons and was the fifth most offensive word in the UK (after cunt, motherfucker, fuck, and wanker).
 * There have been efforts by those of African descent to reclaim the word (especially in the form nigga), but these efforts are controversial and some people do not believe it is able to be reclaimed due to its fraught history and continued derogatory usage. Regardless, usage by non-blacks is still almost invariably considered highly racist and offensive.
 * "Nigger" has derogatory connotations, suggesting not only white racism and negatively-perceived darkness of skin but also unfavorable attributes such as a lack of intelligence, chronic unemployment, use of government welfare, a propensity toward drug use and criminal behavior, etc. It is furthermore associated with the enslavement and subordinate social status of Africans and African Americans.
 * Historically, "nigger" was not necessarily always used in a specifically derogatory sense, though its use instead of or  (historically a neutral term) often reflected subconscious negative attitudes towards African-Americans involving "keeping the black man in his place".
 * To blunt its force, the word is commonly referred to as the "n-word" and may be censored in direct quotations.
 * Not to be confused with the etymologically unrelated but similar-sounding.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: زِنْجِيّ, زَنْجِيّ, ,
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 黑鬼
 * Hokkien: 烏鬼, 烏張飛
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: nigrulaĉo, nigrulaĉino
 * Estonian:, pigi
 * Finnish:, , , lakupetteri,
 * French:, , ,
 * Georgian: ზანგი
 * German:, , , Niggerin, , , Kafferin, ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hawaiian: nika
 * Hebrew: כושון,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: negri
 * Ido: nigracho
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 黒んぼ, 黒奴, ニガー
 * Korean:, 깜둥이
 * Macedonian: црнец
 * Norwegian:
 * Norwegian Bokmål: ,
 * Norwegian Nynorsk: svarting
 * Persian:, غلام سیاه, کاکا سیاه
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: negrotei,
 * Russian:, , , , , (note:  and  are neutral terms),
 * Slovak: neger
 * Spanish:, , negrata, , , negrilla, , , negrote, negraso, negro de mierda, , ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Turkish: ,
 * Urdu: حبشی, حبشن , کالا , کالی
 * Yiddish: שוואַרצער, שוואַרצע

Verb

 * 1)  To clear land by laying light pieces of round timber across the trunks of the trees and setting fire to them at the point of contact, by which means the trees are slowly burned through.
 * 2)  To exhaust (soil) by cropping it year by year without manure.
 * 3)  To perform in blackface.
 * 4)  To behave as a stereotypical black person.
 * 5)  To treat as inferior.
 * 1)  To exhaust (soil) by cropping it year by year without manure.
 * 2)  To perform in blackface.
 * 3)  To behave as a stereotypical black person.
 * 4)  To treat as inferior.
 * 1)  To treat as inferior.
 * 1)  To treat as inferior.
 * 1)  To treat as inferior.
 * 1)  To treat as inferior.

Etymology
Borrowed from.

Noun

 * 1)  ; a dark-skinned person, especially a person of, or primarily of, Negro descent

Etymology
From.

Etymology 1
From, a distortion of , from or  and. .

Etymology 2
From, a variant of.

Adjective

 * 1) economical, thrifty

Etymology
Attested since 1888 according to Svenska Akademiens ordbok. From.