pessimism

Etymology
From, from , superlative of. As a doctrine, from as used by the German philosopher  in 1819.

Noun

 * 1) A general belief that bad things will happen.
 * 2) The doctrine that this world is the worst of all possible worlds.
 * 3)  The condition of being pessimal.
 * 1)  The condition of being pessimal.

Translations

 * Arabic: تَشَاؤُم
 * Armenian:
 * Basque: ezkortasun
 * Belarusian: песімі́зм
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 悲觀情緒
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: pesimismo
 * Georgian: პესიმიზმი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hindi: निराशावाद
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Korean:
 * Lü: ᦣᧆᦋᦲᧁ
 * Macedonian: песимизам
 * Maori: ngākau hākerekere, hākerekeretanga
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: песимѝзам
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Turkish:, , , pesimistlik
 * Ukrainian: песимі́зм
 * Vietnamese: (悲觀)
 * Volapük:


 * Arabic: تَشَاؤُم
 * Armenian:
 * Bengali: নৈরাশ্যবাদ
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: pesimismo
 * German:
 * Hungarian:
 * Indonesian:
 * Japanese: 悲観主義, 厭世主義, 厭世観
 * Kazakh: пессимизм, үмітсіздік
 * Korean:, 비관주의(悲觀主義), 페시미즘
 * Malayalam: നൈരാശ്യവാദം
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: песимѝзам
 * Roman:
 * Tamil:
 * Thai: ทุทรรศนนิยม, ทุนิยม
 * Turkish:, ,
 * Vietnamese: bi quan triết học (悲觀哲學)
 * Volapük:

Noun

 * 1) ; a general belief that bad things will happen