refrain

Etymology 1
From, from , (from ), and ,  (from ).

Verb

 * 1)  To hold back, to restrain (someone or something).
 * 2)  To show restraint; to hold oneself back.
 * 3)  To repress (a desire, emotion etc.); to check or curb.
 * 4)  To stop oneself  some action or interference; to abstain.
 * 5) * July 5, 1731,, letter to Vanessa
 * If you knew how I struggle for a little health, what uneasiness I am at in riding and walking, and refraining from every thing agreeable to my taste
 * 1)  To abstain from (food or drink).
 * 1)  To stop oneself  some action or interference; to abstain.
 * 2) * July 5, 1731,, letter to Vanessa
 * If you knew how I struggle for a little health, what uneasiness I am at in riding and walking, and refraining from every thing agreeable to my taste
 * 1)  To abstain from (food or drink).
 * If you knew how I struggle for a little health, what uneasiness I am at in riding and walking, and refraining from every thing agreeable to my taste
 * 1)  To abstain from (food or drink).
 * 1)  To abstain from (food or drink).

Translations

 * Arabic: اِمْتَنَعَ (+ عَنْ)
 * Azerbaijani: saqınmaq
 * Bulgarian: въздържам се
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech:, vyvarovat, upustit (+ od), vyhnout
 * Danish: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, verzichten (+ auf), absehen (+ von), , , Abstand nehmen (+ von)
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Latin: parcō
 * Maori: wainamu
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: avholde, avstå
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: abster-se (de)
 * Russian: (от (ot) + genitive case),   (от (ot) + genitive case)
 * Slovene: vzdržati se
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Ukrainian: утри́муватися, утри́матися


 * Arabic: اِمْتَنَعَ (+ عَنْ)
 * Bulgarian: въздържам се
 * Czech:, vyvarovat, upustit (+ od), vyhnout
 * Dutch: zich niet inlaten met
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * German:, verzichten (+ auf), absehen (+ von), , , Abstand nehmen (+ von)
 * Italian: ,
 * Maori: whakakāti, whakakeke
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: avholde seg
 * Persian:
 * Polish: powstrzymywać się, powstrzymać się
 * Portuguese: abster-se
 * Slovene: vzdržati se
 * Spanish: abstenerse, retenerse
 * ǃXóõ: ǀa̰ã


 * Dutch: ; ; ;
 * French: ,

Etymology 2
From, from the verb , from  + ; compare 🇨🇬,. See and the verb.

Noun

 * 1) The chorus or  of a song repeated at the end of each verse or stanza.
 * 2)  A much repeated comment, complaint, or saying.
 * 1)  A much repeated comment, complaint, or saying.

Translations

 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: لَازِمَة,
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: nəqərat
 * Belarusian: прыпе́ў, рэфрэ́н
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: refræn,
 * Dutch:
 * Erzya: мороютко
 * Esperanto: refreno
 * Estonian: refrään
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: trebello, lelia, fao,
 * Georgian: რეფრენი, მისამღერი
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:, רֶפְרֵן
 * Hungarian:
 * Ido:
 * Irish: loinneog
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, 繰り返し句
 * Kazakh: қайырма
 * Khmer: ,
 * Korean:, 리프레인
 * Kyrgyz:
 * Lao: ອະນຸບົດ, ສອຽ
 * Latvian: refrēns
 * Lithuanian: priedainis, refrenas
 * Macedonian: рефре́н
 * Malay: korus
 * Maori: korihi
 * Norman: èrfrain
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, omkved
 * Nynorsk: refreng, omkvede
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: sèist
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: рѐфре̄н, при́пев, при́пјев
 * Roman:, prípev,
 * Slovak: refrén
 * Slovene: refren
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tagalog: pabini, pabinian
 * Tajik: нақарот
 * Tatar:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian:, рефре́н
 * Uzbek:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon: ,

Etymology
Alteration of, past participle of the verb (based on the verb's infinitive), itself from , from.

Noun

 * , chorus

Etymology
.