retrograde

Etymology 1
The is derived from, , from  and  (modern 🇨🇬), and from their   (compare 🇨🇬), from  +. is derived from +  (probably from );  is ultimately from.

The and  are derived from the adjective.

Adjective

 * 1) Directed or moving backwards in relation to the normal or previous direction of travel; retreating.
 * 2) Reverting to an inferior or less developed state; declining, regressing.
 * 3)  Of an animal: appearing to regress to a less developed form during its lifetime.
 * 4) Of the order of something: inverse, reverse.
 * 5)  Having a passage of music played backwards.
 * 6) Of ideas or a person: opposing social reform, favouring the maintenance of the status quo; conservative.
 * 7) Involving a return to or a retracing of a previous course of travel.
 * 8) Counterproductive to a desired outcome; contradictory, contrary.
 * 9) Of a celestial body orbiting another: in the opposite direction to the orbited body's spin.
 * 10)  Of a celestial body: seeming to move across the sky in the opposite direction from its ordinary movement.
 * 11)  Of a metamorphic change: resulting from a decrease in pressure or temperature.
 * 12)  Of amnesia: relating to the period leading up to the episode which caused it.
 * 13)  Of verse: reading the same forwards or backwards; palindromic.
 * 1) Counterproductive to a desired outcome; contradictory, contrary.
 * 2) Of a celestial body orbiting another: in the opposite direction to the orbited body's spin.
 * 3)  Of a celestial body: seeming to move across the sky in the opposite direction from its ordinary movement.
 * 4)  Of a metamorphic change: resulting from a decrease in pressure or temperature.
 * 5)  Of amnesia: relating to the period leading up to the episode which caused it.
 * 6)  Of verse: reading the same forwards or backwards; palindromic.
 * 1)  Of a metamorphic change: resulting from a decrease in pressure or temperature.
 * 2)  Of amnesia: relating to the period leading up to the episode which caused it.
 * 3)  Of verse: reading the same forwards or backwards; palindromic.
 * 1)  Of amnesia: relating to the period leading up to the episode which caused it.
 * 2)  Of verse: reading the same forwards or backwards; palindromic.
 * 1)  Of verse: reading the same forwards or backwards; palindromic.

Translations

 * Catalan: retrògrad
 * Czech: upadající, zpátečnický
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Russian:
 * Swedish: bakåtsträvande


 * Catalan: retrògrad


 * Catalan: retrògrad


 * French:


 * Afrikaans: retrograde
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: retrográdní,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀφαιρετικός
 * Persian:


 * Bulgarian:


 * Czech: retrográdní

Adverb

 * 1) In a reverse direction; backwards.

Noun

 * 1) A movement backwards or opposite to the intended or normal motion.
 * 2)  The apparent movement of a planet across the sky in the opposite direction from its ordinary movement.
 * 3) One who opposes social reform, favouring the maintenance of the status quo; a conservative.
 * 4)  One who reneges on an agreement, or switches loyalties; a rebel, a renegade.
 * 5)  The reversal of a melody so that what is played first in the original melody is played last, and what is played last in the original melody is played first.
 * 1)  The reversal of a melody so that what is played first in the original melody is played last, and what is played last in the original melody is played first.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * French:
 * Russian: ,


 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:

Etymology 2
From (modern 🇨🇬), and from its , the    of  (compare 🇨🇬, , ), from  +  (ultimately from ).

Verb

 * 1)  To cause (a land feature such as a coastline or waterfall) to undergo retrogradation, that is, to travel in the direction of the land or upstream due to erosion.
 * 2)  To change (minerals, rocks, etc.) metamorphically through a decrease in pressure or temperature.
 * 3)  To cause (someone or something) to revert to an inferior or less developed state.
 * 4) To revert to an inferior or less developed state; to decline, to regress.
 * 5)  Of a celestial body, especially a planet: to show retrogradation; to seem to move across the sky in the opposite direction from its ordinary movement.
 * 6)  Of a land feature: to travel in the direction of the land or upstream due to erosion.
 * 7)  To retreat or withdraw from a position.
 * 8) To move backwards; to recede.
 * 9) Of the telling of an incident, etc.: to move to an earlier time.
 * 1)  To retreat or withdraw from a position.
 * 2) To move backwards; to recede.
 * 3) Of the telling of an incident, etc.: to move to an earlier time.
 * 1) Of the telling of an incident, etc.: to move to an earlier time.
 * 1) Of the telling of an incident, etc.: to move to an earlier time.

Translations

 * Italian: retrogradare


 * Finnish:
 * Persian:


 * Interlingua: