rough

Etymology
From, , , , , , , , from , , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1) Not smooth; uneven.
 * 2) Approximate; hasty or careless; not finished.
 * 3) Turbulent.
 * 4) Difficult; trying.
 * 5) Crude; unrefined.
 * 6) Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.
 * 7)  Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.
 * 8) Violent; not careful or subtle.
 * 9) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
 * 10)  Not polished; uncut.
 * 11) Harsh-tasting.
 * 12)  Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
 * 13)  Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.
 * 1) Difficult; trying.
 * 2) Crude; unrefined.
 * 3) Worn; shabby; weather-beaten.
 * 4)  Having socio-economic problems, hence possibly dangerous.
 * 5) Violent; not careful or subtle.
 * 6) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
 * 7)  Not polished; uncut.
 * 8) Harsh-tasting.
 * 9)  Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
 * 10)  Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.
 * 1) Violent; not careful or subtle.
 * 2) Loud and hoarse; offensive to the ear; harsh; grating.
 * 3)  Not polished; uncut.
 * 4) Harsh-tasting.
 * 5)  Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
 * 6)  Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.
 * 1)  Not polished; uncut.
 * 2) Harsh-tasting.
 * 3)  Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
 * 4)  Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.
 * 1)  Somewhat ill; sick; in poor condition.
 * 2)  Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.
 * 1)  Unwell due to alcohol; hungover.

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Aromanian: ascuru
 * Assamese: খহটা
 * Belarusian: гру́бы, грубы́
 * Bikol Central: maragkot
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Cherokee: ᎤᏐᏅ
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician: áspero, esgrevio
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: τραχύς
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Ingrian: karhia, karskia
 * Irish: garbh
 * Italian:, ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: زوور
 * Latin: asper
 * Latvian: raupjš, rupjš,, negluds
 * Lithuanian: šiurkštus
 * Macedonian: груб
 * Maori: tuarangaranga, kaitara , whakanokenoke , mātoretore, tuarangaranga , mātoetoe, torehapehape
 * Marathi: खरबरीत
 * Navajo: dichʼíízh
 * Norman: rude
 * Occitan:
 * Persian:, ,
 * Plautdietsch: ruch, schroff
 * Polish:, zgrubny,
 * Portuguese:
 * Quechua: taku, qhachqa
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Scots: roch
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: груб
 * Roman:
 * Slovak: hrubý
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Sundanese: keusrak
 * Swedish:
 * Telugu:
 * Tocharian B: aśāwe, śāwe
 * Ukrainian: гру́бий, шорстки́й
 * Walloon: ,
 * West Frisian:
 * Zazaki: xısn


 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Estonian: ligilähedane
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * Galician: esmo, acaroado, aproximado, aproximada
 * Georgian: დაახლოებითი, მიახლოებითი
 * German:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:, aproximativo,
 * Telugu:


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: turbulent
 * Czech: bouřlivý
 * Finnish: ,
 * Galician: barullento, torboento
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Irish: garbh
 * Italian:
 * Maori: tuarangaranga, whenewhene, kōrawarawa, ngarungaru , pohepohe , tuke
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: galludo, enfesto, carizolo, desdoado, caroso, arrevesado
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Latin:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:, ,
 * Spanish:
 * Telugu:


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: áspero, rude, caxoto, tarosco, xoto, brután, burdallo, zamarrón, taleigán
 * German:
 * Hungarian:, , ,
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: amhchaoin
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:
 * Latin: rudis, impolītus
 * Latvian: raupjš, rupjš
 * Maori: kōkau, pūhungahunga
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,


 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ἀπηνής
 * Irish: eascaoin
 * Latvian: raupjš, rupjš
 * Romanian:
 * Spanish: ,


 * Ido:
 * Irish:
 * Telugu:, , (2),  (3),  (5),  (6)

Noun

 * 1) The unmowed part of a golf course.
 * 2) A rude fellow; a coarse bully; a rowdy.
 * 3)  A scuffed and roughened area of the pitch, where the bowler's feet fall, used as a target by spin bowlers because of its unpredictable bounce.
 * 4) The raw material from which faceted or cabochon gems are created.
 * 5) A quick sketch, similar to a thumbnail but larger and more detailed, used for artistic brainstorming.
 * 6)  Boisterous weather.
 * 7) A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1) A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1) A piece inserted in a horseshoe to keep the animal from slipping.

Translations

 * Czech: raf (vyšší tráva kolem fairwaye)
 * Finnish: ,
 * German: Rough

Verb

 * 1) To create in an approximate form.
 * 2)  To break the rules by being excessively violent.
 * 3) * 1938, California. State Athletic Commission, Rules, Regulations and Law Regulating Boxing and Wrestling (page 42)
 * roughing is not a part of the sport, and will not be tolerated. Referees will not permit unfair practices that may cause injury to a contestant, and are held strictly responsible for enforcing these rules.
 * 1)  To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
 * 2) To render rough; to roughen.
 * 3) To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
 * 4) To endure primitive conditions.
 * 5)  To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1) To endure primitive conditions.
 * 2)  To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1)  To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1)  To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1)  To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
 * 1)  To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.

Translations

 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:


 * Finnish: olla väkivaltainen


 * Finnish:

Adverb

 * 1) In a rough manner; rudely; roughly.