ruff

Etymology 1
, or possibly from.

Noun

 * 1) A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).
 * 2) Anything formed with plaits or flutings like a frill.
 * 3)  (syn. ), a gregarious, medium-sized wading bird of Eurasia; specifically, a male of the species which develops a distinctive ruff of feathers and ear tufts during mating season (the female is called a ).
 * 4)  A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers on or around the neck of a bird.
 * 5)  A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal.
 * 6)  A collar on a shaft or other piece to prevent endwise motion.
 * 7)  An exhibition of haughtiness or pride.
 * 8)  Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.
 * 1)  A set of lengthened or otherwise modified feathers on or around the neck of a bird.
 * 2)  A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal.
 * 3)  A collar on a shaft or other piece to prevent endwise motion.
 * 4)  An exhibition of haughtiness or pride.
 * 5)  Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.
 * 1)  A collar of lengthened or distinctively coloured fur on or around the neck of an animal.
 * 2)  A collar on a shaft or other piece to prevent endwise motion.
 * 3)  An exhibition of haughtiness or pride.
 * 4)  Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.
 * 1)  An exhibition of haughtiness or pride.
 * 2)  Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.
 * 1)  An exhibition of haughtiness or pride.
 * 2)  Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.
 * 1)  Tumultuous or wanton conduct or procedure.

Translations

 * Breton: frezenn
 * Bulgarian: плисирана яка
 * Catalan: escarolat
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 襞襟
 * Czech: okruží,, krejzl
 * Danish: pibekrave, præstekrave
 * Dutch:, , ,
 * Finnish: myllynkivikaulus, röyhelökaulus
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek: χοντροσκαλίδρα
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: pípukragi
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 襞襟
 * Korean: 러프
 * Macedonian: Фреза, фреза
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: halsekrus, møllesteinskrage, pipekrage, pipekrave, prestekrage
 * Polish: ,
 * Portuguese: gorgiera
 * Spanish: lechuguilla, gorguera
 * Swedish: pipkrage
 * Ukrainian:


 * Finnish:


 * Afrikaans: kemphaan
 * Albanian:
 * Arabic: دريجة شرسة
 * Armenian: կռվան կտցար
 * Azerbaijani: düyməli döyüşkən
 * Bashkir: ҡорохтан
 * Basque: borrokalari
 * Belarusian: турухтан
 * Breton: frezenneg riotus
 * Bulgarian: бойник
 * Carpathian Rusyn: турухтан
 * Catalan: batallaire
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: 流苏鹬
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: duelbirdo
 * Estonian: tutkas
 * Faroese: kápugrælingur
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: ტურუხტანი
 * German:
 * Greek: ψευτομαχητής
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: pajzsos cankó
 * Irish: rufachán
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: エリマキシギ
 * Kashubian: zmieniwny batalión
 * Kazakh: күжіркей
 * Korean: 목도리도요
 * Latvian: gugatnis
 * Lithuanian:
 * Luxembourgish: ambaraskréimer
 * Macedonian: бојник
 * Malay: burung kedidi ropol
 * Malayalam: ബഹുവർണ്ണൻ മണലൂതി
 * Nepali: राजसुड्सुडिया
 * North Frisian: brüüshöön
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: brushane
 * Nynorsk: brushane
 * Persian: آبچلیک شکیل
 * Picard: combatant
 * Polish:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene: togotnik
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tamil: பேதை உள்ளான்
 * Tatar: корыхтан
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: турухтан, брижач
 * Uzbek: turuxtan
 * Welsh: pibydd torchog
 * West Frisian: hoants
 * Western Panjabi: رف
 * Yakut: бараах


 * Finnish: höyhenkaulus


 * Finnish:
 * French:


 * Finnish:


 * Finnish:

Verb

 * 1)  To shape (fabric, etc.) into a ruff; to adorn (a garment, etc.) with a ruff.
 * 2)  Of a falcon, hawk, etc.: to hit (the prey) without fixing or grabbing hold of it.
 * 3)  To ruffle; to disorder.
 * 4)  Of a bird: to ruffle its feathers.
 * 5)  To boast, to brag.
 * 6)  To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger.
 * 1)  Of a bird: to ruffle its feathers.
 * 2)  To boast, to brag.
 * 3)  To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger.
 * 1)  To boast, to brag.
 * 2)  To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger.
 * 1)  To speak in a loud and domineering manner; to bluster, to swagger.

Translations

 * Finnish: röyheltää

Etymology 2
Possibly from.

Noun

 * : a small freshwater fish of the genus ; specifically the Eurasian ruffe ( or ) which has spiny fins; the.
 * , a fish found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia; the or tommy ruff.
 * 1)  A bottom-dwelling carnivorous fish of the family  found in temperate and tropical waters; a porgy or sea bream.
 * , a fish found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia; the or tommy ruff.
 * 1)  A bottom-dwelling carnivorous fish of the family  found in temperate and tropical waters; a porgy or sea bream.
 * 1)  A bottom-dwelling carnivorous fish of the family  found in temperate and tropical waters; a porgy or sea bream.

Derived terms

 * sea-ruff

Translations

 * Finnish: viherarripi

Etymology 3
From, (earlier , ), or from ; these words are possibly from , , from , ultimately from. The verb is derived from the noun. .

Verb

 * 1)  To play a trump card to a trick when unable to follow suit (that is, when unable to play a card of the same suit as the previous or leading card).
 * 2)  Especially in the form ruff out: to defeat (a card, etc.) by ruffing, thus establishing the master card in the suit led.
 * 1)  Especially in the form ruff out: to defeat (a card, etc.) by ruffing, thus establishing the master card in the suit led.
 * 1)  Especially in the form ruff out: to defeat (a card, etc.) by ruffing, thus establishing the master card in the suit led.

Noun

 * 1) An instance of ruffing, or an opportunity to ruff, when unable to follow suit.
 * 2)  A game similar to whist and its predecessor.
 * 1)  A game similar to whist and its predecessor.

Etymology 4
.

Noun

 * 1)  A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruffle.

Verb

 * 1)  To beat a ruff or ruffle, as on a drum.
 * 2)  Of a drum, etc.: to have a ruff or ruffle beaten on it.
 * 1)  Of a drum, etc.: to have a ruff or ruffle beaten on it.

Interjection

 * 1) The bark of a dog; arf, woof.