scold

Etymology
The noun is from, , first attested in the 12th or 13th century (as , , , ). The verb is from, first attested in the late 1300s. Most dictionaries derive the verb from the noun and say the noun is probably from (cognate with 🇨🇬), as skalds sometimes wrote insulting poems,    though another view is that the Norse and English words are cognate to each other and to 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, all inherited from 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) A person who habitually scolds, in particular a troublesome and angry woman.
 * 2) * c. 1515–1516, published 1568,, Againſt venemous tongues enpoyſoned with ſclaunder and falſe detractions &c.:
 * A ſclaunderous tunge, a tunge of a ſkolde, Worketh more miſchiefe than can be tolde; That, if I wiſt not to be controlde, Yet ſomwhat to ſay I dare well be bolde, How ſome delite for to lye, thycke and threfolde.
 * 1) * 1907,, The Longest Journey, Part II, XVIII [Uniform ed., p. 196]:
 * “Well, I won’t have it, and that’s enough.” She laughed, for her voice had a little been that of the professional scold.

Translations

 * Arabic: اِمْرَأَة سَلِيطَة
 * Czech:, ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Irish: agóid
 * Italian:, brontolona, , , linguacciuta
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: сварли́вая же́нщина,
 * Swedish:

Verb

 * 1)  To rebuke angrily.
 * 2)  Of birds, to make harsh vocalisations in aggression.
 * 3) Of birds, to make vocalisations that resemble human scolding.
 * 1)  Of birds, to make harsh vocalisations in aggression.
 * 2) Of birds, to make vocalisations that resemble human scolding.
 * 1) Of birds, to make vocalisations that resemble human scolding.

Translations

 * Arabic: وَبَّخَ
 * Azerbaijani: ,
 * Belarusian: ла́яць, га́ніць
 * Bulgarian:, , карам се
 * Burmese:, , , , ,
 * Catalan: ,
 * Cherokee: ᎠᎬᏍᎪᎸᏍᎦ
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 叱罵
 * Dungan: ма
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Cornish: keredhi
 * Czech:, , , vynadat
 * Danish: skælde ud
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Esperanto: skoldi
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:
 * German:, , ,
 * Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌰𐌽
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὄνομαι
 * Hindi:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: skamma, hundskamma, ávíta, láta skömmunum rigna yfir, sneypa, fá skömm í hattinn
 * Ingrian: torrua, narria, moittia, kankaroittaa, laittaa
 * Irish: sceamh ar
 * Italian: sgridare, ,
 * Japanese: ,
 * Khmer:, , , , ដុក, ,
 * Korean:, , ,
 * Lao: ຮ້າຍດ່າ, ດ່າ, ປ້ອຍ, ຮ້າຽ
 * Latin: castigo, obiurgō
 * Macedonian: кара
 * Maori: pātotoi, ko(w)hete, kō(w)hete(w)hete, koeka
 * Nahuatl: ahhua
 * Norwegian:, skjelle
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: лаꙗти
 * Old East Slavic: лаꙗти
 * Polish:, , , , ,
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , , , , ,  ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: càin, cronaich, troid
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: изгрдити, укорити
 * Roman: ,
 * Slovak: karhať, nadávať
 * Slovene: oštevati, ošteti, karati, okarati
 * Spanish:, ,
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: pagalitan, pagsabihan
 * Tamil:
 * Thai: ,
 * Tocharian B: nāk-
 * Ukrainian: свари́ти, ла́яти, шпе́тити, га́нити, карта́ти
 * Vietnamese: ,
 * White Hmong: cem
 * Zazaki: nengi çinen, nengi çinen