selbst

Etymology
With excrescent -t fossilized from the nonfeminine genitive singular, from the pronoun , , from , from , from. Compare 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Particle

 * 1) personally, by oneself

Adverb

 * 1) even

Usage notes

 * DWDS labels an indeclinable pronoun when it means “personally”, and an adverb when it means “even”. DWB labels it a pronoun when it means “personally”. The Duden labels it a particle in both senses.
 * is generally understood to refer to the subject of the clause, whatever its position. Thus ich habe Sandra selbst gefragt means “I myself asked Sandra”, and not “I asked Sandra herself”. This can only be changed by placing the object at the beginning of the clause: Sandra selbst habe ich gefragt (“Sandra herself [was the one] I asked”).