shaft

Etymology
From, from , from , from. Cognate with 🇨🇬, German 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  The entire body of a long weapon, such as an arrow.
 * 2) * c. 1515-1568, :
 * A shaft hath three principal parts, the stele, the feathers, and the head.
 * 1) The long, narrow, central body of a spear, arrow, or javelin.
 * 2)  Anything cast or thrown as a spear or javelin.
 * 3) * c. 1608-1674, :
 * And the thunder, / Winged with red lightning and impetuous rage, / Perhaps hath spent his shafts.
 * 1) * c. 1752-1821, :
 * Some kinds of literary pursuitshave been attacked with all the shafts of ridicule.
 * 1) Any long thin object, such as the handle of a tool, one of the poles between which an animal is harnessed to a vehicle, the driveshaft of a motorized vehicle with rear-wheel drive, an axle, etc.
 * 2) A beam or ray of light.
 * 3) The main axis of a feather.
 * 4)  The long narrow body of a lacrosse stick.
 * 5) A vertical or inclined passage sunk into the earth as part of a mine
 * 6) A vertical passage housing a lift or elevator; a liftshaft.
 * 7) A ventilation or heating conduit; an air duct.
 * 8)  Any column or pillar, particularly the body of a column between its capital and pedestal.
 * 9) * c. 1803-1882, :
 * Bid time and nature gently spare / The shaft we raise to thee.
 * 1) The main cylindrical part of the penis.
 * 2) The chamber of a blast furnace.
 * 3)  A relatively small area of precipitation that an onlook can discern from the dry surrounding area.
 * 1) A vertical passage housing a lift or elevator; a liftshaft.
 * 2) A ventilation or heating conduit; an air duct.
 * 3)  Any column or pillar, particularly the body of a column between its capital and pedestal.
 * 4) * c. 1803-1882, :
 * Bid time and nature gently spare / The shaft we raise to thee.
 * 1) The main cylindrical part of the penis.
 * 2) The chamber of a blast furnace.
 * 3)  A relatively small area of precipitation that an onlook can discern from the dry surrounding area.
 * 1) The main cylindrical part of the penis.
 * 2) The chamber of a blast furnace.
 * 3)  A relatively small area of precipitation that an onlook can discern from the dry surrounding area.
 * 1)  A relatively small area of precipitation that an onlook can discern from the dry surrounding area.

Usage notes
In Early Modern English, the shaft referred to the entire body of a long weapon, such that an arrow's "shaft" was composed of its "tip", "stale" or "steal", and "fletching". Palsgrave (circa 1530) glossed the French j[']empenne as "I fether a shafte, I put fethers upon a steale". Over time, the word came to be used in place of the former "stale" and lost its original meaning.

Synonyms

 * ,, , , (arrows, spears)
 * (vertical underground passage)
 * (vertical underground passage)

Translations

 * Arabic:
 * Bulgarian: дръжка на копие
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech: ,
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: κῆλον
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: ра́чка, др́шка
 * Maori: kawau, kakau
 * Middle English: schaft
 * Middle Persian: 𐭰𐭥𐭯𐭪
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Old English: sċeaft
 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: Staum, Scheft
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:
 * Thai: ,
 * Turkish: ok sapı


 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian:
 * Macedonian: зрак
 * Maori: tara
 * Middle English: schaft
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: gath
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:


 * Basque: haga
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:, , ,
 * Galician:
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: στελεά, κάμαξ
 * Hungarian:
 * Irish: fearsaid
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: о́ска
 * Maori: kakau
 * Middle English: schaft
 * Ottoman Turkish: ایك
 * Plautdietsch: Scheft
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cas, crann
 * Slovak:, hriadeľ
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swedish:


 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:


 * Bulgarian:
 * Finnish:
 * Macedonian: ра́чка, др́шка
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,


 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: ŝakto
 * Finnish:, kaivoskuilu
 * German:
 * Greek:,  ,  ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:, ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, 縦坑
 * Macedonian: о́кно
 * Manx: towl
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: sjakt
 * Nynorsk: sjakt
 * Ottoman Turkish: قیو
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:
 * Scottish Gaelic: toll
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Roman:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: balaon


 * Bulgarian: шахта
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Dutch:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: ,
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Italian: ,
 * Macedonian: ша́хта
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: sjakt
 * Nynorsk: sjakt
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, hisschakt
 * Ukrainian: ша́хта


 * Bulgarian: шахта
 * Catalan: conducte
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:, légudvar,
 * Italian:, ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish: ducto
 * Swedish:


 * Czech:
 * Finnish: ,
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Spanish:


 * Slovak:, ,  ,  ,
 * Spanish:, , , , (6),

Verb

 * 1)  To fuck over; to cause harm to, especially through deceit or treachery.
 * 2)  To equip with a shaft.
 * 3)  To fuck; to have sexual intercourse with.
 * 4) * 2018 Christian Cooke as Mickey Argyle, "Episode 2", Ordeal by Innocence (written by Sarah Phelps) 23 minutes
 * Well at least I can get it up. No wonder Mary's going out of her head. Stuck with you sponging off her and not even a decent shafting for her trouble.
 * 1)  To fuck; to have sexual intercourse with.
 * 2) * 2018 Christian Cooke as Mickey Argyle, "Episode 2", Ordeal by Innocence (written by Sarah Phelps) 23 minutes
 * Well at least I can get it up. No wonder Mary's going out of her head. Stuck with you sponging off her and not even a decent shafting for her trouble.
 * 1) * 2018 Christian Cooke as Mickey Argyle, "Episode 2", Ordeal by Innocence (written by Sarah Phelps) 23 minutes
 * Well at least I can get it up. No wonder Mary's going out of her head. Stuck with you sponging off her and not even a decent shafting for her trouble.
 * Well at least I can get it up. No wonder Mary's going out of her head. Stuck with you sponging off her and not even a decent shafting for her trouble.

Translations

 * Catalan:
 * Czech: podrazit,
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:, , , ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Hungarian:


 * Finnish:
 * Old Norse: skepta


 * Catalan:, ,
 * Czech:, ,
 * Finnish:
 * German: ,
 * Hungarian: ,

Etymology 1
From.

Noun

 * 1) * c. 1343-1400, :
 * His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, / That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft.
 * His sleep, his meat, his drink, is him bereft, / That lean he wax, and dry as is a shaft.

Etymology 2
From.