spine

Etymology
From late, from (🇨🇬) or its source,. .

Noun

 * 1)  A series of bones situated at the back from the head to the pelvis of a human, or from the head to the tail of an animal, enclosing the spinal cord and providing support for the thorax and abdomen.
 * 2)  Courage or assertiveness.
 * 3) Something resembling a backbone, such as a ridge, or a long, central structure from which other structures radiate.
 * 4)  The narrow, bound edge of a book that encloses the inner edges of the pages, facing outwards when the book is on a shelf and typically bearing the title and the author's and publisher's name.
 * 5)  A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant.
 * 6)  The heartwood of trees.
 * 7) A linear payscale operated by some large organizations that allows flexibility for local and specific conditions.
 * 8)  A tall mass of viscous lava extruded from a volcano.
 * 9) The stiffness of an arrow.
 * 1)  The narrow, bound edge of a book that encloses the inner edges of the pages, facing outwards when the book is on a shelf and typically bearing the title and the author's and publisher's name.
 * 2)  A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant.
 * 3)  The heartwood of trees.
 * 4) A linear payscale operated by some large organizations that allows flexibility for local and specific conditions.
 * 5)  A tall mass of viscous lava extruded from a volcano.
 * 6) The stiffness of an arrow.
 * 1)  A pointed, fairly rigid protuberance or needlelike structure on an animal, shell, or plant.
 * 2)  The heartwood of trees.
 * 3) A linear payscale operated by some large organizations that allows flexibility for local and specific conditions.
 * 4)  A tall mass of viscous lava extruded from a volcano.
 * 5) The stiffness of an arrow.
 * 1) A linear payscale operated by some large organizations that allows flexibility for local and specific conditions.
 * 2)  A tall mass of viscous lava extruded from a volcano.
 * 3) The stiffness of an arrow.
 * 1)  A tall mass of viscous lava extruded from a volcano.
 * 2) The stiffness of an arrow.
 * 1) The stiffness of an arrow.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: ruggraat
 * Albanian: ,
 * Apache:
 * Western Apache: batsą́tsʼin
 * Arabic:
 * Egyptian Arabic: عمود فقري
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: schinari, cãtinã
 * Assamese: ৰাজহাড়
 * Asturian: ,
 * Azerbaijani:
 * Bashkir: умыртҡа
 * Belarusian: хрыбе́тнік, ́хрыбе́тніца, пазвано́чнік, хрыбе́т
 * Bengali:
 * Berber:
 * Tashelhit: iẓḍi (n ukrum)
 * Bulgarian: гръбна́чен стълб, гръбна́к
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Cantonese: 脊椎, 脊骨,
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Czech: ,
 * Danish:, rygrad
 * Dutch:
 * Egyptian:
 * Esperanto: spino, vertebraro, vertebra kolumno
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish:
 * French:, ,
 * Galician:, , , , cernizo
 * Georgian: ხერხემალი
 * German: ,
 * Greek: ,
 * Ancient: ῥάχις
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, रीढ़ की हड्डी
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: ,
 * Ingrian: selkäpii
 * Irish: dromlach, cnámh droma
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, ,
 * Kazakh:
 * Khmer: ឆ្អឹងខ្នង
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Northern Kurdish: birrbirre
 * Kyrgyz: омуртка
 * Lao:
 * Latin: spīna, columna vertebrālis
 * Latvian: mugurkauls
 * Lithuanian: stuburas
 * Macedonian: ’р́бет
 * Malay:
 * Malayalam:
 * Maori: tuātara, iwituaroa, tuakoko, tuaiwi, iwituararo
 * Middle English: chyne
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Navajo: íígháán
 * Nepali: मेरुदण्ड
 * Northern Ohlone: núm̄es
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål: ryggrad, ryggsøyle, virvelsøyle
 * Nynorsk: ryggrad, ryggsøyle, virvelsøyle
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: хрьбьтъ
 * Old English: hryċġbān
 * Pashto:, شنځۍ
 * Persian:
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:, , ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: cnàimh an droma
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: кра́љежница, кра́љешница, ки̑чма, хрптѐњача, хрптеница, хр̏бат
 * Roman:, , , , hrptenica,
 * Sinhalese: කශේරුව
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish: ,
 * Sranan Tongo: bakabonyo
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: guluguran, bangananan
 * Tajik: сутунмӯҳра
 * Tatar: ,
 * Thai:
 * Tibetan:
 * Turkish:
 * Turkmen: oňurga
 * Ukrainian: хребе́т
 * Urdu: ریڑھ کی ہڈی
 * Uzbek: umurtqa pogʻonasi
 * Vietnamese:
 * Volapük:
 * White Hmong:
 * Yiddish: רוקנביין
 * Zhuang: ndoksaen


 * Bulgarian:
 * Czech:
 * Danish: rygrad
 * Finnish:
 * German:
 * Japanese:
 * Latvian: mugurkauls
 * Macedonian: ’рбет
 * Malayalam:
 * Norwegian: ryggrad
 * Russian: ,
 * Slovene:
 * Swedish:


 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Icelandic:
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese: 本の背, 背表紙
 * Latvian:
 * Macedonian: ’рбет
 * Norwegian:
 * Pashto: ,
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Slovene:
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish: ,
 * Thai:, สันหนังสือ
 * Ukrainian: коріне́ць, спи́нка
 * Vietnamese: gáy sách
 * Zulu:


 * Asturian:
 * Bashkir: энә
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Catalan:
 * Czech: osten, ,
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Estonian:
 * Finnish: ,
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hawaiian: heu
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Irish: dealg, spíon
 * Italian:
 * Latin: spīna, aculeus
 * Maori: tuātara, tuaitara, wehiwehi, wewehi
 * Ottoman Turkish: دیكن
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, ,
 * Slovene: bodica
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Tagalog: tinik
 * Turkish:

Etymology
From.

Noun

 * 1) thorn
 * , prickle