straff

Etymology
From late, further origin uncertain. However, a semantic connection has been proposed.

Adjective

 * 1)  tight, firm, of an object that could also be slack

Etymology
From, from , of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to. Cognate with 🇨🇬; compare with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1)  punishment, penalty
 * 2) the state of being confined to one's home; house arrest, the state of being grounded

Etymology 1
From or ; compare with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a punishment
 * 2) a penalty

Etymology
From or ; compare with 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) a punishment
 * 2) a penalty

Etymology 1
From, from , of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to.

Compare with 🇨🇬. Etymologies 2, 3, and 4 below are all clippings of compounds from Etymology 1.

Noun

 * 1) a punishment, a penalty
 * 2)  sentence

Noun

 * 1)  penalty kick

Noun

 * 1)  penalty shot