straffen

Etymology 1
From, probably from , which may go back to , of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to. The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar. Note however that forms with a long vowel do occur in dialectal Dutch.

Verb

 * 1)  to punish
 * 2)  to sentence

Etymology 1
From.

Verb

 * 1)  to tighten, tauten

Etymology
Probably from, which may go back to , of uncertain ultimate origin, but possibly related to. The short vowel and geminate in Dutch in contrast to the Middle High German long vowel is peculiar.

Verb

 * 1) to scold, to reprimand
 * 2) to refute
 * 3) to punish