sumpah

Etymology
From, from , from , probably from , , ⟨kaw⟩, from.

Noun

 * 1) swear

Noun

 * 1) curse

Etymology
There are two main theories as to its etymology:
 * From . Cognate with 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.
 * From, , ⟨kaw⟩, from.

First attested in the Telaga Batu inscription, 683 AD, as.

Noun

 * 1) An oath:
 * 2) A solemn pledge or promise that invokes a deity, a ruler, or another entity (not necessarily present) to attest the truth of a statement or sincerity of one's desire to fulfill a contract or promise.
 * 3) A statement or promise which is strengthened (affirmed) by such a pledge.
 * 4) A promise.
 * 5) A curse word, a cussing word.
 * 1) A curse word, a cussing word.
 * 1) A curse word, a cussing word.

Verb

 * 1) To swear, to promise.
 * 2) To curse, to cuss, to swear.
 * 1) To curse, to cuss, to swear.