swear

Etymology 1
From, , from , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬,, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬. Also cognate to 🇨🇬 through Proto-Indo-European.

The original sense in all Germanic languages is “to take an oath”. The sense “to use bad language” developed in Middle English and is based on the Christian prohibition against swearing in general (cf. 5:33-37) and invoking God’s name in particular (i.e. frequent swearing was considered similar to the use of obscene words).

Verb

 * 1)  To take an oath, to promise intensely, solemnly, and/or with legally binding effect.
 * 2)  To take an oath that an assertion is true.
 * 3)  To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.
 * 4)  To administer an oath to (a person).
 * 5)  To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.
 * 1)  To promise intensely that something is true; to strongly assert.
 * 2)  To administer an oath to (a person).
 * 3)  To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.
 * 1)  To administer an oath to (a person).
 * 2)  To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.
 * 1)  To administer an oath to (a person).
 * 2)  To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.
 * 1)  To use offensive, profane, or obscene language.

Usage notes

 * In sense 1, this is a catenative verb that takes the to infinitive. See Appendix:English catenative verbs

Translations

 * Arabic: حَلَفَ
 * Hijazi Arabic: حلف
 * Armenian: ,
 * Aromanian: giur
 * Asturian: xurar
 * Azerbaijani: and içmək
 * Belarusian: кля́сціся, пакля́сціся, прысяга́ць, прысягну́ць
 * Bengali: কসম করা
 * Bulgarian: заклевам,
 * Burmese:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin: ,
 * Czech: přísahat
 * Danish: sværge
 * Dutch:, een eed afleggen
 * Esperanto:
 * Faroese: svørja
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Friulian: zurâ, ğurâ
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: დაფიცება, ფიცი
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: ὄμνυμι
 * Hebrew: נשבע
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: ,
 * Kabuverdianu: jura
 * Khmer:, ,
 * Korean:
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish: سوێند خواردن
 * Lao: ສະບານ
 * Latin:
 * Low German: swören
 * Macedonian: колне
 * Maguindanao: sapa
 * Malayalam: ആണയിടുക, സത്യം ചെയ്യുക
 * Maltese: naħlef
 * Maranao: sapa'
 * Mauritian Creole: zoure
 * Megleno-Romanian: jur
 * Mongolian:
 * Cyrillic:
 * Mongolian: ᠠᠮᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ
 * Ngazidja Comorian: lapva
 * Norman: juther
 * Norwegian:
 * Norwegian Bokmål: sverge
 * Norwegian Nynorsk: sverja, sverje
 * Occitan:
 * Old Norse: sverja
 * Persian: سوگند خوردن,
 * Polish:, przysiąc, , , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Sardinian: giurài, giurare, zurare
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: клети
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:, jurari
 * Slovak: prisahať
 * Slovene: prisegati,
 * Spanish:
 * Swahili: apa
 * Swedish: ,
 * Tajik: қасам хурдан, савганд ёд кардан
 * Telugu: ఒట్టు పెట్టు, ప్రమాణం చేయు
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: кля́стися, клясти́ся, покля́стися, поклясти́ся, присяга́ти, присягну́ти
 * Uzbek: qasamyod qilmoq
 * Venetian:
 * Vietnamese:
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:


 * Arabic: شَتَمَ,
 * Hijazi Arabic: سَبّ, شتم
 * Armenian:
 * Azerbaijani: söyüş söymək, yaman demək
 * Belarusian: ла́яцца, мацюка́цца
 * Bulgarian: ,
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,
 * Czech:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto: sakri, parolaĉi, fiparoli
 * Estonian: ropendama
 * Faroese: banna, blóta, svørja
 * Finnish:
 * French: ,
 * Galician:
 * Georgian: წყევლა, კრულვა, გინება
 * German: ,
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hindi:, गाली देना
 * Hungarian: ,
 * Icelandic: blóta
 * Istriot: bas'ciamà
 * Italian: ,
 * Japanese:, 悪態をつく,
 * Korean: 욕을 하다
 * Kurdish:
 * Central Kurdish:
 * Lithuanian: keiktis
 * Macedonian: пцуе
 * Malayalam: തെറിപറയുക
 * Maori: kangakanga
 * Norman: juther
 * Norwegian:
 * Norwegian Bokmål:, sverge, sverte
 * Norwegian Nynorsk:, , sverta, sverte, sverja, sverje
 * Old Norse: bǫlva
 * Persian:, دشنام دادن
 * Polish:, , , , , wyklinać, bluzgać, bluznąć
 * Portuguese: ,
 * Romanian: ,
 * Russian:, , , , , ,
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Latin:
 * Sicilian:, nciuriari, nzurtari
 * Slovak: kliať
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: klěś
 * Spanish:, , , echar ternos,
 * Swedish:
 * Tajik: дашном додан,
 * Telugu:
 * Thai:
 * Turkish: ,
 * Ukrainian: ла́ятися, матюка́тися
 * Vietnamese:, , , , chửi bậy, ,
 * Welsh: ,


 * Indonesian: ,

Etymology 2
From the above verb, or from, from , from.

Noun

 * 1) A swear word.

Etymology 3
From, , , from , , from , from , from.

Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 and 🇨🇬.

Adjective

 * 1)  Heavy.
 * 2)  Top-heavy; too high.
 * 3)  Dull; lazy; slow.
 * 4)  Reluctant; unwilling.
 * 5)  Niggardly.
 * 1)  Reluctant; unwilling.
 * 2)  Niggardly.
 * 1)  Reluctant; unwilling.
 * 2)  Niggardly.
 * 1)  Niggardly.
 * 1)  Niggardly.
 * 1)  Niggardly.

Noun

 * 1)  A lazy time; a short rest during working hours (especially field labour); a siesta.

Verb

 * 1)  To be lazy; rest for a short while during working hours.

Etymology
From, plural of , of further unknown origin. Cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬.

Noun

 * 1) the Swedes