thou

Etymology 1
From, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,  , from , from , from , from.

The English word is cognate with 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, dialectal 🇨🇬,, , 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (Doric 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬), 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬, 🇨🇬 (to).

The informality of thou and its replacement by ye in formal situations date only to the 14th century and come from French influence, since French (as many European languages, but not Old English) uses the second-person plural instead of the second-person singular  as a mark of politeness or respect.

Usage notes

 * When the subject of a verb in the indicative mood is thou, the verb usually ends in, in both the present and simple past tenses, as in “Lovest thou me?” (from John 21:17 of the King James Bible). This is the case even for modal verbs, which do not specially conjugate for the third person singular. A few verbs have irregular present forms: (of ),  (of ),  (of ),  (of ),  (of ),  (of ), and  (of ). Must does not change. In weak past tenses, the ending is either  or contracted . In the subjunctive, as is normal, the bare form is usually used. However, thou  is sometimes used instead of thou be.
 * Traditionally, use of thou and ye followed the T–V distinction, thou being the informal pronoun and ye, the plural, being used in its place in formal situations. This is preserved in the dialects in which thou is still in everyday use, but in Standard English, due to the pronoun’s association with religious texts and poetry, some speakers find it more solemn or even formal.
 * Occasionally thou was, and to a lesser extent still is, used to represent a translated language’s second-person singular-plural distinction, disregarding English’s T–V distinction by translating the second-person singular as thou even where English would likely use ye instead. It is also sometimes still used to represent a translated language’s T–V distinction.

Translations

 * Arabic: ,
 * Egyptian Arabic: انت, انت
 * Tunisian Arabic: انت
 * Aragonese:
 * Armenian:
 * Aromanian: tu
 * Assamese: তই, তুমি আপুনি
 * Asturian:
 * Belarusian:
 * Bengali:
 * Bulgarian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chavacano: tu
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, ,  ,
 * Corsican: tù
 * Czech:
 * Dalmatian: te
 * Danish:
 * Dutch: ,
 * Esperanto:
 * Extremaduran: tú
 * Fala: tu
 * Faroese:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Middle French: tu
 * Old French: tu
 * Friulian: tu
 * Galician: ,
 * Gallo: tu
 * Georgian:
 * German: ,
 * Gothic: 𐌸𐌿
 * Greek:
 * Ancient: σύ
 * Hebrew: ,
 * Hindi: ,
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:
 * Ido:
 * Indonesian:
 * Irish: tú
 * Istro-Romanian: tú
 * Italian:
 * Japanese:, , ,
 * Karakhanid: سن
 * Korean:, ,
 * Ladin: tu
 * Ladino: tu, טו
 * Lao: ຄຸນ, ເຖີ, ມືງ
 * Latin:
 * Leonese: tu
 * Lithuanian:
 * Lü: ᦆᦳᧃ, ᦵᦒᦲ, ᦙᦹᧂ
 * Macedonian:
 * Malay: engkau
 * Megleno-Romanian: tu
 * Mirandese: tu
 * Mozarabic: ت
 * Navarro-Aragonese: tu
 * Nheengatu: indé
 * Neapolitan: tu
 * Norman: tu
 * Northern Thai: ᨤᩩᨶ, ᨮᩮᩬᩥ, ᨾᩨ᩠ᨦ
 * Norwegian:
 * Occitan:
 * Ojibwe: giin
 * Old Catalan: tu
 * Old Church Slavonic:
 * Cyrillic: тꙑ
 * Glagolitic: ⱅⱏⰺ
 * Old English: þū
 * Old Irish: tú
 * Old Occitan: tu
 * Old Polish: ty
 * Old Portuguese: tu
 * Old Turkic: 𐰾𐰤
 * Ottoman Turkish: سن
 * Persian:
 * Picard: tu
 * Polabian: tåi
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Romansch: tu, tü
 * Russian:
 * Sardinian: tue
 * Scots: thoo
 * Scottish Gaelic: thu, tu
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ти̑
 * Roman:
 * Sicilian:
 * Sinhalese: ඔයා
 * Slovak:
 * Slovene:
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: ty
 * Upper Sorbian:
 * Spanish:
 * Old Spanish: tu
 * Swedish:
 * Thai:, ,
 * Turkish:
 * Udihe: си
 * Ukrainian:
 * Urdu:, تو
 * Venetian:
 * Vietnamese:, ,
 * Walloon:
 * Welsh:
 * Wiradjuri: ngindu
 * Yiddish: דו

Etymology 2
From Late, , , , , , , , from the : see etymology 1 above.

Verb

 * 1)  To address (a person) using the pronoun thou, especially as an expression of contempt or familiarity.
 * 2)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.
 * 1)  To use the word thou.

Translations

 * Asturian:
 * Belarusian: ты́каць
 * Bulgarian: говоря на ти
 * Catalan:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:, sige du
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Estonian: sinatama
 * Faroese: túa
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek: μιλώ στον ενικό
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic: þúa
 * Interlingua: tutear
 * Italian: dare del tu
 * Japanese:
 * Korean: 너-라고 부르다
 * Lithuanian:
 * Malay: berengkau
 * Norwegian:
 * Bokmål:, si 'du'
 * Occitan: tutejar
 * Polish: mówić na ty,
 * Portuguese: tutear, tratar por tu
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:, , обраща́ться на «ты»
 * Serbo-Croatian:
 * Cyrillic: ти́кати, говорити ти
 * Roman:, govoriti ti
 * Slovak: tykať
 * Slovene: tíkati
 * Sorbian:
 * Lower Sorbian: tykaś
 * Upper Sorbian: tykać
 * Spanish:
 * Swedish:
 * Turkish:
 * Ukrainian: ти́кати


 * Dutch:
 * French:
 * Icelandic: þúa

Etymology 3
.

Noun

 * 1)  A unit of length equal to one-thousandth of an inch (25.4 µm).

Etymology 4
.

Noun

 * 1)  A thousand, especially a thousand of some currency (dollars, pounds sterling, etc.).

Etymology 5
See.

Etymology
From, from , from , from.

Pronoun

 * , you

Usage notes

 * Regularly used throughout Scotland up until the middle of the 1800s; now only used as an archaism outside Shetland and Orkney.

Etymology
From, from , from.