topology

Etymology
From, from +.

Noun

 * 1)  The branch of mathematics dealing with those properties of a geometrical object (of arbitrary dimensionality) that are unchanged by continuous deformations (such as stretching, bending, etc., without tearing or gluing).
 * 2) * 1970 [Addison-Wesley], Stephen Willard, General Topology, 2012, Dover, page v,
 * This book is designed to develop the fundamental concepts of general topology which are the basic tools of working mathematicians in a variety of fields.
 * 1) * 1974 [Crane, Russak & Co.], H. Graham Flegg, From Geometry to Topology, 2001, Dover, page v,
 * Many university courses in topology plunge immediately into a formalized and entirely abstract presentation of topological concepts.
 * 1)  Any collection τ of subsets of a given set X that contains both the empty set and X, and which is closed under finitary intersections and arbitrary unions.
 * 2)  The anatomical structure of part of the body.
 * 3)  The arrangement of nodes in a communications network.
 * 4)  The properties of a particular technological embodiment that are not affected by differences in the physical layout or form of its application.
 * 5)  The topographical study of geographic locations or given places in relation to their history.
 * 6)  The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place.
 * 1)  The properties of a particular technological embodiment that are not affected by differences in the physical layout or form of its application.
 * 2)  The topographical study of geographic locations or given places in relation to their history.
 * 3)  The art of, or method for, assisting the memory by associating the thing or subject to be remembered with some place.

Translations

 * Afrikaans: topologie
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Danish:
 * Dutch:
 * Esperanto: topologio
 * Estonian: topoloogia
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * Galician: topoloxía
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hebrew:
 * Hungarian:
 * Icelandic:, stöðfræði
 * Irish: toipeolaíocht
 * Italian:
 * Japanese: 位相幾何学, 位相数学, トポロジー
 * Kazakh: топология
 * Khmer: ឋានវិទ្យា
 * Korean:
 * Latvian: topoloģija
 * Macedonian: топологија
 * Polish:
 * Portuguese:
 * Romanian:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, топологија
 * Sicilian: topoluggìa
 * Slovene: topologija
 * Spanish: topología
 * Ukrainian:
 * Vietnamese: tô pô học


 * Greek:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, топологија


 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:
 * Czech:
 * Finnish:
 * French:
 * German:
 * Greek:
 * Hungarian:
 * Japanese: トポロジー
 * Maori: āhuawhatunga
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:
 * Serbo-Croatian:, топологија